The van der Waals ferromagnet ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3{\mathrm{GaTe}}_2$ possesses both a high Curie temperature and robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, holding promise for practical spintronic applications. In particular, understanding and engineering its Gilbert damping, which determines magnetization dynamics, are crucial for its applications. Here, we investigate the Gilbert damping of bilayer and the twisted bilayer ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3{\mathrm{GaTe}}_2$ through first-principles calculations. For the bilayer ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3{\mathrm{GaTe}}_2$, we obtain a quite low Gilbert damping when its magnetization is along the $z$ axis at room temperature. In addition, the bilayer ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3{\mathrm{GaTe}}_2$ exhibits a large orientational anisotropy of Gilbert damping when its magnetization is rotated from the magnetic easy axis to the hard one. Such anisotropy is attributed to the distinct band structures caused by the anisotropic spin-orbit coupling. Surprisingly, we find that twisting the bilayer ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3{\mathrm{GaTe}}_2$ can effectively reduce the Gilbert damping for the perpendicular magnetization and enhance the orientational anisotropy of Gilbert damping up to 635% when rotating the magnetization from the magnetic easy axis to the hard one. These findings open up an entirely new avenue for the manipulation of Gilbert damping and its anisotropy in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnets.

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• Electronic structure
• Magnetism
• Magnetization dynamics
• Spin-orbit coupling
• Spintronics
• 2-dimensional systems
• Ferromagnets
• Twisted heterostructures
• First-principles calculations