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    Dynamic freezing in a quasicrystal nanomagnet array

    Dong Shi1,*,†, Haifeng Lou2,*, Shilei Zhang2, Xin Ouyang1, Zixiong Yuan3, Peiyuan Huang3, Liang He3, Han-Wen Cheng4, Yan Chen5 et al.

    Wen-Cheng Yue3,‡, Yong-Lei Wang3,§, and Renchao Che1,4,∥

    • 1College of Physics, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    • 2School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
    • 3School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
    • 4Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Sate Key Laboratory of Coatings for Advanced Equipment, College of Smart Materials and Future Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    • 5Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: shidong238@gmail.com
    • ‡Contact author: wenchengyue@nju.edu.cn
    • §Contact author: yongleiwang@nju.edu.cn
    • ∥Contact author: rcche@fudan.edu.cn
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    Phys. Rev. B 112, 134408 – Published 6 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/197z-kvy6

    Abstract

    Magnetic long-range order in quasiperiodic lattices has rarely been observed, either in natural materials or in artificially engineered systems. In this study, we investigate a nanomagnet array based on P1 Penrose tiling and demonstrate that, within the framework of the vertex model, the system is unfrustrated, making the emergence of long-range order on quasiperiodic lattice a promising possibility. Large domains of ordered states appear following a thermal annealing protocol. However, numerous excitations also persist. Through statistical analysis, we show that the system falls out of equilibrium during the cooling process, which we attribute to a trapping effect. We further show that this trapping arises from the complex energy landscape, which obstructs the kinetic pathways necessary for the system to relax these excitations. Our findings provide important insights into the mechanisms of dynamic freezing in artificial spin ice systems.

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    Phys. Rev. B 112, 134408– Published 6 October, 2025
    • Received 3 October 2024
    • Revised 16 July 2025
    • Accepted 17 September 2025
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