We present a systematic study of the evolution of the band structure in the Fe-based superconductor family ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2-x}{M}_x{\mathrm{As}}_2$ ($M$ = Co, Cu, Cr, Ru, and Mn) using polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Low-substituted samples, with comparable spin-density wave transition temperatures ($T_{\text{SDW}}$), were chosen to enable controlled comparisons with respect to the parent compound. The sizes of the central $\alpha$ and $\beta$ hole pockets remain largely unchanged across different substitutions, while the $\gamma$ pocket exhibits no clear correlation with either $T_{\text{SDW}}$ or the As height relative to the Fe plane. The evolution of both hole and electron pockets does not follow a rigid-band shift scenario and shows no systematic dependence on the nominal electron or hole character of the substituting element. However, subtle trends are observed: a modest increase of the electron pocket with planar character that correlates with $T_{\text{SDW}}$ suppression, while its contraction appears linked to an increase in the As height relative to the Fe planes. Our results suggest that the suppression of $T_{\text{SDW}}$ is primarily driven by changes in the Fe–As bond length, with the effect being more pronounced in electronic states with planar character. These findings provide insight into the electronic structure of ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2-x}{M}_x{\mathrm{As}}_2$.

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• Fermi surface
• Multiband superconductivity
• Superconductivity
• Antiferromagnets
• Intermetallic compounds
• Iron-based superconductors
• Single crystal materials
• Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Crystal growth
• Polarization-dependent photoemission spectroscopy
• Specific heat measurements