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    Nonreciprocity and exchange-spring delay of domain-wall Walker breakdown in magnetic nanowires with azimuthal magnetization

    Lucía Gómez-Cruz1,2, Laura Álvaro-Gómez1, Claudia Fernández-González3, Sandra Ruiz-Gómez3, Christophe Thirion4, Giuseppe Curci2, Lucia Aballe3, Eva Pereiro3, Rachid Belkhou5 et al.

    Eduardo Martínez6, Victor Raposo6, Jean-Christophe Toussaint4, Daria Gusakova2, Aurélien Masseboeuf2, Olivier Fruchart2, and Lucas Pérez1,7

    Phys. Rev. B 114, 134425 – Published 18 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/17v6-d7j3

    Abstract

    Domain-wall (DW) motion is a crucial process involved in magnetization reversal, be it under a magnetic field or spin-polarized current stimulus. In most cases the DW speed does not exceed ∼100m/s and collapses above a given threshold of the stimulus, an effect known as Walker breakdown. A few specific material properties have been identified to delay the breakdown of speed by increasing the energy barrier preventing internal precession. We show that in a three-dimensional nanomagnetic system, here with vortex-state domains in nanowires, the topology of the magnetization distribution may intrinsically and robustly delay the Walker breakdown due to an exchange-spring effect. However, in contrast to cases in lower dimension, the motion remains steady state. In addition, curvature induces a major nonreciprocal effect, delaying or not the Walker breakdown depending on the sequence of chiralities of the azimuthal domains on both sides of the DW, independent of its direction of motion.

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