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Nonlinear Hall effect induced by two-frequency drives

Jiong-Yi Zhu1, Rui Chen1,*, and Bin Zhou1,2,3,†

  • 1Department of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security of Ministry of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
  • 3Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China

  • *Contact author: chenr@hubu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: binzhou@hubu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 113, 195422 – Published 18 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/17rp-cx9f

Abstract

The nonlinear Hall effect represents a new type of Hall response that does not require breaking time-reversal symmetry but only inversion symmetry, and has attracted wide attention in recent years. Here, we demonstrate that the two-frequency drives provide a route to induce and control the nonlinear Hall effect in two-dimensional Dirac systems. Unlike single-frequency drives, which preserve inversion symmetry and therefore cannot generate a nonlinear Hall response, a commensurate two-frequency drive with frequency ratio β=2 intrinsically breaks inversion symmetry, enabling the emergence of a nonlinear Hall effect. Remarkably, we find that the resulting Berry curvature dipole is an even function of the Fermi energy, in contrast to the conventional mechanism in tilted Dirac systems, where the Berry curvature dipole exhibits an odd dependence on the Fermi energy. Moreover, the nonlinear Hall effect can be effectively controlled by tuning the initial phase and direction of the two-frequency drive. In addition, we find that higher-order ratios (β>2) fail to produce a nonlinear Hall effect in this system. These findings establish two-frequency drive engineering as a different strategy to manipulate the nonlinear transport responses.

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