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    Avoiding dilution: Using diffusion and vision transformers to resolve Majorana features in nanowires at high temperature

    Jacob R. Taylor1, Haining Pan2,3, Jay D. Sau1, and Sankar Das Sarma1

    • 1Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
    • 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
    • 3Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA

    Phys. Rev. B 114, 254501 – Published 2 November, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/12cp-xlkb

    Abstract

    Identifying Majorana zero modes in semiconductor-superconductor nanowires requires ultralow temperature transport measurements in dilution refrigerators, making device screening slow and resource intensive. Here, we investigate whether high-temperature conductance data can be used to infer low-temperature Majorana nanowire properties before committing devices to dilution-refrigerator characterization. We generate paired high- and low-temperature conductance simulations for disordered Majorana nanowires and train neural networks to perform two related tasks. First, we use a shifted window U-net transformer diffusion-inspired architecture to reconstruct low-temperature conductance from thermally broadened high-temperature measurements, achieving high-fidelity recovery with R2≈0.95 for local conductance and R2≈0.91 for nonlocal conductance. Second, we train a video vision transformer-based network to predict the low-temperature topological visibility directly from high-temperature conductance, obtaining R2≈0.80. These results demonstrate that machine-learning models can recover and infer low-temperature Majorana features from experimentally easier high-temperature data, providing a practical route for rejecting poor devices early thus avoiding slow and resource-intensive dilution refrigeration for nonpromising devices. This high-temperature screening approach could substantially accelerate the experimental feedback loop for Majorana nanowire device development.

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