M.D. Balcazar⁷, N. Bourgeois⁴, J.A. Cardarelli⁷, K. Krushelnick⁷, S.P.D. Mangles⁵, C.D. Murphy⁶, N. Lu³, P.P. Rajeev⁴, M.P. Selwood⁶, D.R. Symes⁴, C.P. Ridgers⁶, A.G.R. Thomas⁷, C. Thornton⁴, Z. Najmudin⁵, P.G. Sanders¹⁰, P.D. Staublin³, A.J. Shahani^1,3,*, and M.J.V. Streeter^11,†

• ¹Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
• ²Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
• ³Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, USA
• ⁴Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
• ⁵The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
• ⁶York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
• ⁷Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
• ⁸Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
• ⁹The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
• ¹⁰Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
• ¹¹Centre for Light-Matter Interactions, School of Maths and Physics, Queen’s University, Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom

• ^*Contact author: shahani@umich.edu
• ^†Contact author: m.streeter@qub.ac.uk