• Accepted Paper

Longitudinal wave scattering for one-dimensional heterogeneous piezoelectric media with electro-momentum coupling

Jeong-Ho Lee, Jimin Gu, Haotian Lu, Kahraman G. Demir, Shaoyun Wang, Andrea Alù, Xiaoyu Zheng, and Grace X. Gu

Phys. Rev. Applied - Accepted 10 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qvl6-g2x7

Abstract

Electro-momentum coupling has been theoretically predicted to emerge in piezoelectric materials featuring structural asymmetries in their microscopic structure, which results in coupling elastic and electric responses akin to bianisotropy in electromagnetic media. By coupling linear momentum to the electric field, this effect offers an additional degree of design freedom for dynamic piezoelectric devices. Here, we experimentally investigate longitudinal wave propagation through a finite one-dimensional square rod with asymmetric multilayer piezoelectric heterostructures, which are expected to support electro-momentum coupling, under open-circuit conditions. Wave-scattering experiments highlight direction-dependent reflection, confirming the emergence of an effective bianisotropy in our piezoelectric heterostructure. We compare measured surface velocity profiles with predictions from a homogenized model that includes effective Willis and electro-momentum couplings, validating our predictions. Our work sheds light on the potential of realizing real-world functional piezoelectric materials and devices with non-negligible electro-momentum coupling.

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