Competing explanations for spin-wave resonances in <i>L</i>1<sub>0</sub>(001) Fe-Pd thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

D. Huang; J.E. Shoup; A.C. Johnston-Peck; D. Lyu; J.-P. Wang; X. Wang; D.B. Gopman

doi:10.1103/h2qc-35s7

Competing explanations for spin-wave resonances in L1₀(001) Fe-Pd thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

D. Huang ^1,2, J.E. Shoup ², A.C. Johnston-Peck ³, D. Lyu⁴, J.-P. Wang ⁴, X. Wang ¹, and D.B. Gopman ^2,*

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
²Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
³Material Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
⁴Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA

^*Contact author: daniel.gopman@nist.gov

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Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 064006 – Published 2 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/h2qc-35s7

Abstract

The Heisenberg exchange constant is crucial for magnetic nanoobject switching behavior. This work estimates the exchange stiffness of $L 1_{0}$ -ordered Fe-Pd thin films with perpendicular anisotropy, finding that the standard models fail to explain deviations in spin-wave resonance dispersion. Negative surface pinning or epitaxial stress-induced magnetoelastic gradients emerge as competing explanations for the discrepancy. Using ferromagnetic resonance at 112 GHz and micromagnetic simulations, the stiffness is determined as 8.2 ± 0.1 pJ/m, with implications for magnetic memory as low as 10-nm bit cells.

Physical Review Applied

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Competing explanations for spin-wave resonances in L1₀(001) Fe-Pd thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

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Competing explanations for spin-wave resonances in L10(001) Fe-Pd thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

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Competing explanations for spin-wave resonances in L1₀(001) Fe-Pd thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy