Determination of the kinetic inductance fraction in granular-aluminum microwave resonators
Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 064034 – Published 8 June, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zq12-kkr6
Abstract
We have designed, fabricated, and characterized microwave resonators made of granular-aluminum thin films with different oxygen content. The kinetic inductance fraction of these disordered superconductors was determined by electromagnetic finite-element simulations, conformal mapping techniques, and the frequency shift of the resonators with temperature. We compare these methods to assess model-dependent variations and to highlight their main limitations. This analysis aims to guide the community in choosing the most suitable method for designing kinetic inductance detectors, high -mpedance resonators, and superinductors. Additionally, we measured the internal quality factor as a function of microwave power at low temperature to characterize losses, which we identify as arising from two-level systems.