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Bridging gaps in Rydberg rf receivers using modulation-transfer bandwidth enhancement

Mickael Branco1, K. V. Adwaith1, Gabriel Boccara1,2, Duc-Anh Trinh1, Sacha Welinski3, Perrine Berger3, Fabienne Goldfarb1, and Fabien Bretenaker1

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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 034013 – Published 8 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/y9dt-gs85

Abstract

We optimize theoretically and experimentally the performances of the recently demonstrated modulation transfer protocol [D.-A. Trinh et al., Modulation transfer protocol for Rydberg rf receivers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 125, 154001 (2024)] aiming at extending the bandwidth of quantum rf receivers based on hot Rydberg atoms. This optimization relies on tuning the parameters of the phase modulation of the coupling beam, which is converted by the nonlinear response of the atoms into an amplitude modulation of the probe beam. We develop a theoretical model to optimize both the modulation frequency and the modulation amplitude of the coupling beam, thereby maximizing the atomic response. Once optimized, the sensitivity to detuned rf fields of this modulation transfer protocol is measured and compared with that of the conventional protocol. This comparison shows that the new protocol permits a strong increase in the detection bandwidth. Indeed, it outperforms the usual one as soon as the rf signal to be measured is detuned by more than a few MHz. We illustrate the capability of this modulation transfer protocol to enhance the detection bandwidth by showing experimentally how it permits bridging the gap between two Rydberg transitions separated by 166 MHz. In all cases, the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 034013– Published 8 September, 2026
  • Received 5 January 2026
  • Revised 3 May 2026
  • Accepted 15 June 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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