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    Erbium quantum memory platform with long optical coherence via back-end-of-line deposition on foundry-fabricated photonics

    Shobhit Gupta1,*, Robert M. Pettit1, Ananthesh Sundaresh1, Vasileios Niaouris2, Skylar Deckoff-Jones1, Daniel P. Crowley3, Lewis G. Carpenter3, Alan M. Dibos2, Manish Kumar Singh1 et al.

    Sean E. Sullivan1,†

    • *Contact author: shobhit@memq.tech
    • †Contact author: sean@memq.tech

    Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 054037 – Published 13 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xj8y-b6sl

    Abstract

    Realizing scalable quantum interconnects necessitates the integration of solid-state quantum memories with foundry photonics processes. While prior photonic integration efforts have relied upon specialized, laboratory-scale fabrication techniques, this work demonstrates the monolithic integration of a quantum memory platform with low-loss foundry photonic circuits via back-end-of-line deposition. We deposited thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with erbium (Er) onto silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguides and studied Er optical coherence at subkelvin temperatures with photon echo techniques. We suppressed optical dephasing through ex-situ oxygen annealing and optimized measurement conditions, which yielded an optical coherence time of 64μs (a 5-kHz homogeneous linewidth) and slow spectral diffusion of 27 kHz over 4 ms, results that are comparable to state-of-the-art Er nanophotonic devices. Combined with second-long electron spin lifetimes and demonstrated electrical control of Er emission, our findings establish Er:TiO2 on foundry photonics as a manufacturable platform for ensemble and single-ion quantum memories.

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