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Quantifying the amplitudes of ultrafast magnetization fluctuations in Sm0.7Er0.3FeO3 using femtosecond noise-correlation spectroscopy

M.A. Weiss1,*, F.S. Herbst1, G. Skobjin1, S. Eggert1, M. Nakajima2, D. Reustlen1, A. Leitenstorfer1, S.T.B. Goennenwein1, and T. Kurihara1,3,†

  • *Contact author: marvin.weiss@uni-konstanz.de
  • †Contact author: takayuki.kurihara@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 044021 – Published 8 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/wkmb-ddwv

Abstract

Spin fluctuations are an important issue for the design and operation of future spintronic devices. Femtosecond noise-correlation spectroscopy (FemNoC) was recently applied to detect ultrafast magnetization fluctuations. FemNoC gives direct access to the spontaneous fluctuations of magnetization in magnetically ordered materials. In FemNoC experiments, the magnetic fluctuations are imprinted on the polarization state of two independent femtosecond probe pulses upon transmission through a magnetic sample. Using a subharmonic demodulation scheme, the cross-correlation of the signals from both pulse trains is calculated. Here, we quantitatively link the FemNoC output signal to an optical polarization rotation, and then in turn to the magnitude of the inherent spin fluctuations. To this end, three different calibration protocols are presented and compared in accuracy. Ultimately, we quantitatively determine both the variance of optical polarization noise in rad2 and that of the ultrafast magnetization fluctuations in (A/m)2.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 044021– Published 8 October, 2025
  • Received 29 January 2025
  • Revised 2 June 2025
  • Accepted 11 September 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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