Design methodology for amplitude and phase low-coupling response in reconfigurable metasurfaces with enhanced energy focusing
Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 024044 – Published 13 February, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tljm-2fry
Abstract
This paper proposes a design methodology for complex-amplitude reconfigurable metasurfaces (CRMSs). Low-coupling response criteria are established through detailed analysis of resonant structures, p-i-n diode placements, and gap parameter configurations. Amplitude modulation p-i-n diodes are positioned in regions with strong induced currents, achieving a 0.22–0.95 change range through ohmic effects. Meanwhile, phase modulation counterparts are located in low-current regions to minimize amplitude loss during 1-bit phase switching. Across 9.0–11.8 GHz, the amplitude-phase coupling coefficient is suppressed below 0.19. Integrated with the amplitude-phase Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, an enhanced focusing effect with a 10 dB energy attenuation region of less than 0.60λ is achieved by CRMSs. Experimental validation confirms <5% measured simulated discrepancies, demonstrating robust design efficacy.
