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    Lemniscate phase trajectories for high-fidelity preparation of GHZ states in trapped-ion chains

    Evgeny V. Anikin1,*, Andrey Chuchalin1,2, Dimitrii Donchenko1,3, Olga Lakhmanskaya1, and Kirill Lakhmanskiy1

    • *Contact author: evgenii.anikin@skoltech.ru

    Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 024021 – Published 10 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/t5s5-v6mf

    Abstract

    In trapped-ion chains, multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states can be prepared natively with the help of a single bichromatic laser pulse. However, higher-order terms in the expansion in the Lamb-Dicke parameter η limit the GHZ state preparation infidelity for rectangular and bell-like pulses to the order of η4. For tens of ions, the infidelity caused by out-of-Lamb-Dicke effects can reach several percents. We propose an amplitude and phase-modulated pulse shape, an “echoed lemniscate pulse,” which cancels this contribution into error in the leading order. For the proposed pulse, the infidelity scales as η6. The improved scaling is achieved because of a special phase trajectory of a collective motional mode following the figure-eight curve (lemniscate). We demonstrate that the lemniscate pulse allows achieving lower infidelity than bell-like pulses, which can be as low as 10−4 for 20-ion chains.

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