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    Robust nonadiabatic holonomic gating in qutrits via inverse-engineered pulse shaping and error compensation

    Jie Lu1,2,*,§, Ji-Ze Han3,§, Jie-Dong Huang1, Yang Qian1, Ying Yan4,5,†, and Zhi-Guo Huang3,‡

    • 1Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
    • 2Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
    • 3China Mobile (Suzhou) Software Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215163, China
    • 4School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
    • 5Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Flexible Optoelectronics and Micro-Nano Manufacturing & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technology of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China

    • *Contact author: lujie@shu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: yingyan@suda.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: huangzhiguo15@mails.ucas.ac.cn
    • §These authors contributed equally to this work.

    Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 034057 – Published 24 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/sqwc-554s

    Abstract

    Systematic Rabi-amplitude and detuning errors remain important sources of infidelity in high-fidelity quantum gates. We develop a robust pulse-engineering scheme for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computing in a three-level Λ-type qutrit, combining inverse engineering with time-dependent perturbative analysis. Pulse shaping eliminates the leading second-order Rabi-amplitude contribution, while static detuning introduces a distinct population-mediated channel that cannot be removed within a single control loop. We therefore introduce a compensation loop that exactly cancels the dominant second-order O13δ contribution, with the residual O12δ channel further suppressed by pulse shaping. Using the logical average gate fidelity over the complete computational subspace, the optimized composite sequence reaches closed-system fidelities of 99.88%–99.99% for four representative single-qubit gates at ϵ=0.2 and δ/2π=2  MHz. With phenomenological decoherence at T1=T2=30  μs, the NOT and S gates retain fidelities of 99.72% and 99.79%, respectively, with a coherence-time crossover near 0.58  μs. These results identify the regime in which systematic-error suppression outweighs the decoherence cost of the additional control loop.

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