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    Transmon-assisted high-fidelity controlled-Z gates for integer fluxonium qubits

    J.-H. Wang1,*, H. Xiong1,*,†, J.-Z. Yang1, H.-Y. Zhang1,2, Y.-P. Song1,2,‡, and L.-M. Duan1,2,§

    • *These two authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Present address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
    • ‡Contact author: ypsong@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
    • §Contact author: lmduan@tsinghua.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 034044 – Published 17 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qmds-z7gb

    Abstract

    Fluxoniums, as partially protected superconducting qubits, are promising to be employed in building high-performance large-scale quantum processor. The recently proposed “integer fluxonium” operates at zero external flux bias, with a frequency of approximately 3 GHz. Single-qubit gate fidelity has been demonstrated to exceed 99.9% [Mencia et al., PRX Quantum 5, 040318 (2024)], whereas two-qubit gate schemes and scalable architectures remain underexplored. In this work, we investigate a fluxonium-transmon-fluxonium (FTF) coupling architecture using integer fluxoniums. We first confirm suppression of ZZ interaction in the FTF system and then propose two high-fidelity controlled-Z (CZ) gate schemes utilizing the coupler control: a flux-activated adiabatic gate scheme and a microwave-activated nonadiabatic gate scheme. Both schemes are capable of achieving low coherent error of the order of 1×10−6 within gate durations of several tens of nanoseconds. In addition, we discuss a hybrid circuit system in which an integer fluxonium is coupled to a conventional fluxonium through a transmon coupler. Our proposal provides insights for future implementations of large-scale quantum circuits based on integer fluxonium devices.

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