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Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier based on a low-intrinsic-loss lumped-element coplanar waveguide

C.W. Sandbo Chang1,*, Arjan F. Van Loo1,2, Chih-Chiao Hung1, Yu Zhou3,1, Christian Gnandt1,2, Shuhei Tamate1, and Yasunobu Nakamura1,2

  • *Contact author: chungwaisandbo.chang@riken.jp

Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 044081 – Published 27 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qhl6-cz2z

Abstract

We present a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier (JTWPA) based on a low-loss lumped-element coplanar waveguide architecture. By employing open-stub capacitors and Manhattan-pattern junctions, our device achieves an insertion loss below 1 dB up to 12 GHz. We introduce windowed sinusoidal modulation for phase matching, demonstrating that a smooth transition in the impedance-modulation strength effectively suppresses intrinsic gain ripples. Using Tukey-windowed modulation with 8% impedance variation, we achieve 20–23-dB gain over 5-GHz bandwidth under ideal matching conditions. In a more practical circuit having impedance mismatches, the device maintains 17–20-dB gain over 4.8-GHz bandwidth with an added noise of 0.18 quanta above standard quantum limit at 20-dB gain and −99-dBm saturation power, while featuring zero to negative backward gain below the band-gap frequency.

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