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    Plasmonic metasurfaces for spin-selective optical vortex generation and transverse bifocusing

    Zhao Xu*, Song Luo*,†, Xiao Wang, Yuquan Zhou, Xin Li, Xinyue Zhang, Yan Liu, Zheng Lv, Yuxin Duan et al.

    Haodong Cheng, Hang Zhou, Long Zhang‡, and Zhanghai Chen§

    • Department of physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: songluo@xmu.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: zhanglong@xmu.edu.cn
    • §Contact author: zhanghai@xmu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 064022 – Published 4 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/q8h2-6xjy

    Abstract

    Spin-decoupled metasurfaces hold significant potential for integrated photonics by enabling independent manipulation of the spin degree of freedom of light. However, achieving robust spin-decoupled performance over both a broad bandwidth and a wide range of incident angles remains a pivotal challenge. In this work, a spin-decoupled strategy incorporating the propagation phase with the geometric phase is implemented to design plasmonic metasurfaces capable of independently controlling wave fronts of orthogonally circularly polarized light in the visible spectrum. Two representative devices demonstrate distinct spin-decoupled functionalities: one generating a vortex beam under left circular polarization (LCP) and the other enabling LCP-selective bifocusing, while both maintain specular reflection under right circular polarization. Systematic experimental characterization using microscopic spectroscopy demonstrates robust spin-decoupled performance across an 80 nm bandwidth and a wide range of incident angles with a scanning range of up to 40μm. This dual advantage in spectral and angular stability, surpassing typical dielectric counterparts, provides solutions for reliable metasurface devices in applications such as multiplexed optical communications and miniaturized high-resolution imaging.

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