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    Monolayer MNH2 (M,N = C, Si, Ge): Enabling sub-5-nm MOSFETs compatible with silicon-based manufacturing

    Hao-Ran Hu1, Yan-Dong Guo1,2,*, Shao-Jin Xia1, Yue Jiang3,†, Ye-Wei Chen1, Lin-Dong Zhang1, Li-Yan Lin1, Hong-Li Zeng4,2,‡, and Xiao-Hong Yan1,5,§

    • *Contact author: yandongguo@njupt.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: jiangyue@jit.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: hlzeng@njupt.edu.cn
    • §Contact author: yanxh@njupt.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 014058 – Published 23 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pp8h-r8wk

    Abstract

    Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their atomic-scale thickness and high carrier mobility, are promising candidates for replacing silicon channels, offering significant potential for gate lengths below 5 nm. Monolayer MNH2 (MN = CSi,SiSi,SiGe) materials, such as CSiH2, Si2H2, and SiGeH2, exhibit suitable band gaps alongside excellent carrier mobility. Their high compatibility with existing silicon-based chip technologies further positions them as suitable channel materials for 2D field-effect transistors (FETs). Using first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the transport properties of monolayer MNH2 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and benchmark their performance against the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2028 requirements for high-performance (HP) and low-power applications. These MOSFETs achieve peak on-state currents (ION) of 4157 and 3527 μA/μm for n- and p-type HP devices, respectively, with notably low delay times τ and power dissipation (PDP). They maintain compliance with ITRS 2028 standards when scaled to gate lengths as small as 3 nm. When scaled to 5 nm, the subthreshold swing reaches 58 mV/dec, surpassing the Boltzmann thermal limit of 60 mV/dec. Compared to other 2D materials, MNH2 MOSFETs deliver higher ION, lower τ, and reduced PDP, establishing them as highly promising candidates for next-generation 2D FET applications.

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