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Geometry-driven magnetization reversal and spin-wave dynamics in permalloy artificial anti–spin ice lattices

Szymon P. Oramus1, Riccardo Fornari2,3, Gianluca Gubbiotti3, and Adekunle O. Adeyeye1,*

  • 1Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
  • 2Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy
  • 3CNR-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), 06123 Perugia, Italy

  • *Contact author: adekunle.o.adeyeye@durham.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 054023 – Published 6 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mkhw-ltd2

Abstract

Antiartificial spin ice (AASI), realized through spin-ice-derived antidot lattices of stadium-shaped holes in continuous Permalloy (Ni81Fe19) films, provides a powerful route for embedding geometry-induced magnetic anisotropy within a connected magnonic medium. Here, homogeneous and bicomponent AASI lattices are investigated through a combined experimental and micromagnetic approach, establishing a direct link between lattice geometry, magnetization reversal, and spin-wave (SW) dynamics. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements, Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, and simulations reveal that antidot size, lattice heterogeneity, and magnetic field orientation collectively govern both equilibrium states and dynamic excitations. The static response exhibits pronounced angular anisotropy in coercivity and remanence, with bicomponent lattices showing distinct reversal pathways and shifted anisotropy extrema relative to homogeneous systems. These variations are directly reflected in the SW spectra, where edge-, node-, and domain-wall-localized modes, as well as mode splitting and frequency flattening, emerge as signatures of geometry-induced magnetization textures. The excellent agreement between experiment and simulation establishes a microscopic connection between equilibrium magnetic configurations and SW excitations. These findings demonstrate a direct transfer of configurational anisotropy into tunable magnonic functionality, highlighting AASI as a versatile platform for geometry-encoded SW architectures.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 054023– Published 6 November, 2026
  • Received 14 July 2026
  • Revised 7 October 2026
  • Accepted 15 October 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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