- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Applied

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Z-shaped waveguides using complete band gaps in magnonic crystals of yttrium iron garnet and a copper hole array

Kanta Mori1,2, Takumi Koguchi1, Toshiaki Watanabe3, Hibiki Miyashita1,2, Dan Shabaev1,2, Dirk Grundler4, Mitsuteru Inoue1, Kazushi Ishiyama1, and Taichi Goto1,*

  • *Contact author: taichi.goto.a6@tohoku.ac.jp
PDF

Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 054067 – Published 27 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/m64z-lh2m

Abstract

Guiding spin wave (SW) signals around turns in integrated magnonic circuits remains a challenge. Here, we calculated efficient SW transmission through Z-shaped turns of 120° using low-loss magnonic crystal (MC) waveguides comprising yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and a Cu hole array. The MCs were optimized using a finite integration technique, showing a complete magnonic band gap with a width of 15.1 MHz at a center frequency of 1.811 GHz. The MC waveguide showed 5.7 × 103 times stronger SW propagation than ridge-type waveguides by avoiding SW depression caused by inhomogeneous internal magnetic field distributions in the YIG film. The effect of the bending radius on the SW propagation was evaluated through simulations. The proposed MC waveguide plays a vital role in SW waveguide integration by maintaining homogeneous magnetic field distributions throughout the unprocessed YIG film.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (57)

  1. D. D. Stancil and A. Prabhakar, Spin Waves (Springer, New York, 2009).
  2. S. O. Demokritov and A. N. Slavin, Magnonics (Springer, New York, 2012).
  3. T. Goto, T. Yoshimoto, B. Iwamoto, K. Shimada, C. A. Ross, K. Sekiguchi, A. B. Granovsky, Y. Nakamura, H. Uchida, and M. Inoue, Three port logic gate using forward volume spin wave interference in a thin yttrium iron garnet film, Sci. Rep. 9, 16472 (2019).
  4. N. Kanazawa, T. Goto, K. Sekiguchi, A. B. Granovsky, C. A. Ross, H. Takagi, Y. Nakamura, H. Uchida, and M. Inoue, The role of Snell’s law for a magnonic majority gate, Sci. Rep. 7, 7898 (2017).
  5. T. Fischer, M. Kewenig, D. A. Bozhko, A. A. Serga, I. I. Syvorotka, F. Ciubotaru, C. Adelmann, B. Hillebrands, and A. V. Chumak, Experimental prototype of a spin-wave majority gate, Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 152401 (2017).
  6. K. An, M. Xu, A. Mucchietto, C. Kim, K. W. Moon, C. Hwang, and D. Grundler, Emergent coherent modes in nonlinear magnonic waveguides detected at ultrahigh frequency resolution, Nat. Commun. 15, 7302 (2024).
  7. N. Zenbaa, C. Abert, F. Majcen, M. Kerber, R. O. Serha, S. Knauer, Q. Wang, T. Schrefl, D. Suess, and A. V. Chumak, A universal inverse-design magnonic device, Nat. Electron. 6, 106 (2025).
  8. C. H. Marrows, J. Barker, T. A. Moore, and T. Moorsom, Neuromorphic computing with spintronics, npj Spintron. 2, 12 (2024).
  9. K. Yamanoi, S. Yakata, T. Kimura, and T. Manago, Spin wave excitation and propagation properties in a permalloy film, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52, 083001 (2013).
  10. V. Vlaminck and M. Bailleul, Spin-wave transduction at the submicrometer scale: Experiment and modeling, Phys. Rev. B 81, 014425 (2010).
  11. M. P. Kostylev, A. A. Serga, T. Schneider, B. Leven, and B. Hillebrands, Spin-wave logical gates, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 153501 (2005).
  12. N. Sato, K. Sekiguchi, and Y. Nozaki, Electrical demonstration of spin-wave logic operation, Appl. Phys. Express 6, 063001 (2013).
  13. T. Schneider, A. A. Serga, B. Leven, B. Hillebrands, R. L. Stamps, and M. P. Kostylev, Realization of spin-wave logic gates, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 022505 (2008).
  14. A. V. Chumak, P. Pirro, A. A. Serga, M. P. Kostylev, R. L. Stamps, H. Schultheiss, K. Vogt, S. J. Hermsdoerfer, B. Laegel, P. A. Beck, and B. Hillebrands, Spin-wave propagation in a microstructured magnonic crystal, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 262508 (2009).
  15. K. Vogt, H. Schultheiss, S. J. Hermsdoerfer, P. Pirro, A. A. Serga, and B. Hillebrands, All-optical detection of phase fronts of propagating spin waves in a Ni81Fe19 microstripe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 182508 (2009).
  16. H. Qin, R. B. Holländer, L. Flajšman, and S. van Dijken, Low-loss nanoscopic spin-wave guiding in continuous yttrium iron garnet films, Nano Lett. 22, 5294 (2022).
  17. T. Brächer, M. Fabre, T. Meyer, T. Fischer, S. Auffret, O. Boulle, U. Ebels, P. Pirro, and G. Gaudin, Detection of short-waved spin waves in individual microscopic spin-wave waveguides using the inverse spin Hall effect, Nano Lett. 17, 7234 (2017).
  18. K. Vogt, H. Schultheiss, S. Jain, J. E. Pearson, A. Hoffmann, S. D. Bader, and B. Hillebrands, Spin waves turning a corner, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 042410 (2012).
  19. A. I. Nikitchenko and N. A. Pertsev, Spin-orbit torque control of spin waves in a ferromagnetic waveguide, Phys. Rev. B 104, 134422 (2021).
  20. S. Bance, T. Schrefl, G. Hrkac, A. Goncharov, D. A. Allwood, and J. Dean, Micromagnetic calculation of spin wave propagation for magnetologic devices, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 07E (2008).
  21. P. Clausen, K. Vogt, H. Schultheiss, S. Schäfer, B. Obry, G. Wolf, P. Pirro, B. Leven, and B. Hillebrands, Mode conversion by symmetry breaking of propagating spin waves, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 162505 (2011).
  22. A. V. Chumak, A. A. Serga, and B. Hillebrands, Magnon transistor for all-magnon data processing, Nat. Commun. 5, 4700 (2014).
  23. P. Frey, A. A. Nikitin, D. A. Bozhko, S. A. Bunyaev, G. N. Kakazei, A. B. Ustinov, B. A. Kalinikos, F. Ciubotaru, A. V. Chumak, Q. Wang, V. S. Tiberkevich, B. Hillebrands, and A. A. Serga, Reflection-less width-modulated magnonic crystal, Commun. Phys. 3, 17 (2020).
  24. T. Goto, K. Shimada, Y. Nakamura, H. Uchida, and M. Inoue, One-dimensional magnonic crystal with Cu stripes for forward volume spin waves, Phys. Rev. Appl. 11, 014033 (2019).
  25. N. Kanazawa, T. Goto, K. Sekiguchi, A. B. Granovsky, C. A. Ross, H. Takagi, Y. Nakamura, and M. Inoue, Demonstration of a robust magnonic spin wave interferometer, Sci. Rep. 6, 30268 (2016).
  26. K. Shimada, T. Goto, N. Kanazawa, H. Takagi, Y. Nakamura, H. Uchida, and M. Inoue, Extremely flat transmission band of forward volume spin wave using gold and yttrium iron garnet, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50, 275001 (2017).
  27. A. V. Sadovnikov, V. A. Gubanov, S. E. Sheshukova, Y. P. Sharaevskii, and S. A. Nikitov, Spin-wave drop filter based on asymmetric side-coupled magnonic crystals, Phys. Rev. Appl. 9, 051002 (2018).
  28. S. Klingler, P. Pirro, T. Brächer, B. Leven, B. Hillebrands, and A. V. Chumak, Design of a spin-wave majority gate employing mode selection, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 152410 (2014).
  29. K. Vogt, F. Y. Fradin, J. E. Pearson, T. Sebastian, S. D. Bader, B. Hillebrands, A. Hoffmann, and H. Schultheiss, Realization of a spin-wave multiplexer, Nat. Commun. 5, 3727 (2014).
  30. M. Krawczyk and D. Grundler, Review and prospects of magnonic crystals and devices with reprogrammable band structure, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26, 123202 (2014).
  31. A. V. Chumak, A. A. Serga, and B. Hillebrands, Magnonic crystals for data processing, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50, 244001 (2017).
  32. V. V. Kruglyak, M. L. Sokolovskii, V. S. Tkachenko, and A. N. Kuchko, Spin-wave spectrum of a magnonic crystal with an isolated defect, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08C906 (2006).
  33. A. N. Kuchko, M. L. Sokolovskii, and V. V. Kruglyak, Spin wave spectrum of a magnonic crystal with an internally structured defect, Phys. B 370, 73 (2005).
  34. F. S. Ma, H. S. Lim, V. L. Zhang, S. C. Ng, and M. H. Kuok, Magnonic band structure investigation of one-dimensional bi-component magnonic crystal waveguides, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 7, 498 (2012).
  35. S. A. Nikitov, P. Tailhades, and C. S. Tsai, Spin waves in periodic magnetic structures—magnonic crystals, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 236, 320 (2001).
  36. C. Banerjee, S. Choudhury, J. Sinha, and A. Barman, Pseudo-one-dimensional magnonic crystals for high-frequency nanoscale devices, Phys. Rev. Appl. 8, 014036 (2017).
  37. M. A. Morozova, S. V. Grishin, A. V. Sadovnikov, D. V. Romanenko, Y. P. Sharaevskii, and S. A. Nikitov, Band gap control in a line-defect magnonic crystal waveguide, Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 242402 (2015).
  38. H. Qin, G.-J. Both, S. J. Hämäläinen, L. Yao, and S. van Dijken, Low-loss YIG-based magnonic crystals with large tunable bandgaps, Nat. Commun. 9, 5445 (2018).
  39. Z. K. Wang, V. L. Zhang, H. S. Lim, S. C. Ng, M. H. Kuok, S. Jain, and A. O. Adeyeye, Observation of frequency band gaps in a one-dimensional nanostructured magnonic crystal, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 083112 (2009).
  40. S.-K. Kim, K.-S. Lee, and D.-S. Han, A gigahertz-range spin-wave filter composed of width-modulated nanostrip magnonic-crystal waveguides, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 082507 (2009).
  41. Y. Zhu, K. H. Chi, and C. S. Tsai, Magnonic crystals-based tunable microwave phase shifters, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 022411 (2014).
  42. N. Kanazawa, T. Goto, and M. Inoue, Spin wave localization in one-dimensional magnonic microcavity comprising yttrium iron garnet, J. Appl. Phys. 116, 083903 (2014).
  43. S. Tacchi, G. Gubbiotti, M. Madami, and G. Carlotti, Brillouin light scattering studies of 2D magnonic crystals, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 29, 073001 (2017).
  44. B. Lenk, H. Ulrichs, F. Garbs, and M. Münzenberg, The building blocks of magnonics, Phys. Rep. 507, 107 (2011).
  45. S. Mamica, M. Krawczyk, and D. Grundler, Nonuniform spin-wave softening in two-dimensional magnonic crystals as a tool for opening omnidirectional magnonic band gaps, Phys. Rev. Appl. 11, 054011 (2019).
  46. T. Schwarze and D. Grundler, Magnonic crystal wave guide with large spin-wave propagation velocity in CoFeB, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 222412 (2013).
  47. M. Madami, G. Gubbiotti, S. Tacchi, G. Carlotti, and S. Jain, Study of the spin excitations in antidot lattices with line defects, Phys. B 435, 152 (2014).
  48. K. H. Chi, Y. Zhu, and C. S. Tsai, Two-dimensional magnonic crystal with periodic thickness variation in YIG layer for magnetostatic volume wave propagation, IEEE Trans. Magn. 49, 1000 (2013).
  49. K. H. Chi, Y. Zhu, and C. S. Tsai, Confinement of magnetostatic forward volume waves in two-dimensional magnonic crystals with line defects, J. Appl. Phys. 115, 17D125 (2014).
  50. K. Mori, T. Koguchi, T. Watanabe, Y. Yoshihara, H. Miyashita, D. Grundler, M. Inoue, K. Ishiyama, and T. Goto, Orientation-dependent two-dimensional magnonic crystal modes in an ultralow-damping ferrimagnetic waveguide containing repositioned hexagonal lattices of Cu disks, Phys. Rev. Appl. 21, 014061 (2024).
  51. J. O. Vasseur, L. Dobrzynski, B. Djafari-Rouhani, and H. Puszkarski, Magnon band structure of periodic composites, Phys. Rev. B 54, 1043 (1996).
  52. T. Schwarze, R. Huber, G. Duerr, and D. Grundler, Complete band gaps for magnetostatic forward volume waves in a two-dimensional magnonic crystal, Phys. Rev. B 85, 134448 (2012).
  53. T. Weiland, Time domain electromagnetic field computation with finite difference methods, Int. J. Numer. Modell.: Electron. Netw. Devices Fields 9, 295 (1996).
  54. T. Weiland, M. Timm, and I. Munteanu, A practical guide to 3-D simulation, IEEE Microw. Mag. 9, 62 (2008).
  55. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/m64z-lh2m for additional figures.
  56. R. A. Matula, Electrical resistivity of copper, gold, palladium, and silver, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8, 1147 (1979).
  57. S. Chakrabarti and D. Bhattacharya, Magnetostatic volume waves in lossy YIG film backed by a metal of finite conductivity, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47, 1132 (1999).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 054067– Published 27 May, 2026
  • Received 3 April 2025
  • Revised 1 November 2025
  • Accepted 15 April 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation