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    Effective schemes for fusion of hyperentangled W states

    Wen-Xiu Zhang1, Wen-Qiang Liu2, and Hai-Rui Wei1,*

    • *Contact author: hrwei@ustb.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 034012 – Published 4 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lz3r-8p89

    Abstract

    Hyperentangled states are fascinating resources in quantum information processing as they can significantly increase the channel capacity and enhance noise resistance. We explore a hyperfusion mechanism to fuse one n-photon hyper-W state and one m-photon hyper-W state into a large-scale (n+m−2)-photon hyper-W state. Another mechanism to fuse one n-photon hyper-W state, one m-photon hyper-W state, and one t-photon hyper-W state into an (n+m+t−3)-photon hyper-W state is also proposed. These two hyperfusion mechanisms are constructed employing only polarizing beam splitters, balanced beam splitters, half-wave plates, single-photon detectors, and cross-Kerr nonlinearities. Conditional quantum gates, path couplers, and ancillary photons are not required in our constructions. Moreover, our fused W states are hyperentangled in the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom of single-photon systems. The presence of only one garbage output state demonstrates that high efficiency can be achieved in our schemes.

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