Transition waves in a beam coupled to a foundation of symmetric bistable elements
Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 014064 – Published 27 January, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lysc-phz4
Abstract
Multistable metamaterials, capable of adopting multiple stable configurations, offer versatile control over the shape and mechanical properties of systems. Transition waves (TWs), which propagate spatially through state transitions, provide a promising mechanism for reconfiguring such materials. While TWs in systems with asymmetric energy landscapes propagate stably by transitioning from higher to lower energy states, they require additional energy input to reset the structure, limiting their reusability. This work explores a multistable system with a reconfigurable surface shape, comprising an elastic slender beam coupled to a foundation of bistable elements with a symmetric energy landscape. The symmetric landscape enables TWs with tunable speeds, energy, and propagation distances, which can be controlled by the impact speed on the boundaries. The stop position of the TW forms a static domain wall, separating regions into distinct stable states. Leveraging the relationship between impact speed and propagation distance, we propose a dynamic strategy for reversible surface shape reconfiguration using sequential impulses to generate targeted configurations. An experimental demonstration using buckled double beams as bistable elements confirms the feasibility of this strategy, highlighting its potential for postmanufacturing shape control in multistable systems.
