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    Tunable hybrid-mode coupler enabling strong interactions between transmons at centimeter-scale distance

    Jianwen Xu1,2,3,*, Xiang Deng1,2,3,*, Wen Zheng1,2,3,*,†, Wenchang Yan1,2,3, Tao Zhang1,2,3, Zhenchuan Zhang2,3, Wanli Huang2,3, Xiaoyu Xia1,2,3, Xudong Liao1,2,3 et al.

    Yu Zhang1,2,3, Jie Zhao1,2,3, Shaoxiong Li1,2,3,4,5, Xinsheng Tan1,2,3,4,5, Dong Lan1,2,3,4,5,‡, and Yang Yu1,2,3,4,5

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: zhengwen@nju.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: land@nju.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 014016 – Published 7 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ls5b-279m

    Abstract

    The transmon, a fabrication-friendly superconducting qubit, remains a leading candidate for scalable quantum computing. Recent advances in tunable couplers have accelerated progress toward high-performance quantum processors. However, extending coherent interactions beyond millimeter scales to enhance quantum connectivity presents a critical challenge. Here we introduce a hybrid-mode coupler exploiting resonator-transmon hybridization to simultaneously engineer the two lowest-frequency modes, enabling high-contrast coupling between transmons spaced at a centimeter-scale distance. For a 1-cm coupler, we experimentally demonstrate flux-tunable hybrid modes and measure strong XX and ZZ couplings between qubits exceeding 23 and 10 MHz, respectively, under current conditions, in agreement with an effective two-channel model. Our theoretical model further suggests ZZ coupling strengths reaching 100 MHz, with modulation contrasts exceeding 104. This work provides an efficient pathway to mitigate the inherent connectivity constraints imposed by short-range interactions, enabling transmon-based architectures compatible with hardware-efficient quantum tasks.

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