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Scalable low-overhead superconducting nonlocal coupler for circuit connectivity enhancement

Haonan Xiong1,2,*, Jiahui Wang1,*, Juan Song2,3,4,*, Jize Yang1, Zenghui Bao1, Yan Li1, Zhen-Yu Mi2, Hongyi Zhang1,5, Hai-Feng Yu2,5 et al.

Yipu Song1,5,† and Luming Duan1,5,‡

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: ypsong@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: lmduan@tsinghua.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 034096 – Published 31 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kfy3-bwgr

Abstract

Nonlocal connectivity is a critical resource for universal logical quantum gates and low-overhead quantum error correction codes, and is unavailable on current superconducting devices with nearest-neighbor connections. To rectify the deficiency in connectivity of superconducting circuit systems, we experimentally demonstrate a convenient on-chip coupler of centimeters length and with quality factor close to 1×106. The entangling gate is performed between two fluxonium qubits, reaching a fidelity of 99.37% within 120 ns, while the system static ZZ interaction rate remains as low as 144 Hz without active cancellation or circuit parameter targeting. This high-fidelity low-crosstalk nonlocal coupler can be the building block of a binary-tree connectivity graph, reducing the average qubit entangling distance from O(N) to O(log2N). With the high-fidelity nonlocal entanglement, novel quantum algorithms can be implemented on the superconducting qubit system, positioning it as a strong competitor to other physics systems regarding circuit connectivity.

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