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    Quantum acoustics with superconducting qubits in the multimode transition-coupling regime

    Li Li1,2,*, Xinhui Ruan1,3,4,*, Si-Lu Zhao1,2, Bing-Jie Chen1,2, Gui-Han Liang1,2, Yu Liu1,2, Cheng-Lin Deng1,2, Wei-Ping Yuan1,2, Jia-Cheng Song1,2 et al.

    Zheng-He Liu1,2, Tian-Ming Li1,2, Yun-Hao Shi1, He Zhang1,2, Ming Han1,2, Jin-Ming Guo1,2, Xue-Yi Guo5, Qianchuan Zhao3, Jing Zhang6,7, Pengtao Song6,7, Xiaohui Song1,8, Kai Xu1,5,8, Heng Fan1,2,5,8, Yu-Xi Liu9, Zhihui Peng4,8,†, Zhongcheng Xiang1,8,‡, and Dongning Zheng1,2,8,§

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: zhihui.peng@hunnu.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: zcxiang@iphy.ac.cn
    • §Contact author: dzheng@iphy.ac.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 064064 – Published 24 December, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hxvq-vvnv

    Abstract

    Hybrid mechanical-superconducting systems for quantum information processing have attracted significant attention due to their potential applications. In such systems, the weak coupling regime, dominated by dissipation, has been extensively studied. The strong coupling regime, where coherent energy exchange exceeds losses, has also been widely explored. However, the transition-coupling regime, which lies between the above two and exhibits rich, unique physics, remains underexplored. In this study, we fabricate a tunable coupling device to investigate the coupling of a superconducting transmon qubit to a seven-mode surface acoustic-wave resonator (SAWR), with a particular focus on the transition-coupling regime. Through a series of phonon oscillation experiments and studies in the dispersive regime, we systematically characterize the performance of the SAWR. We then explore the complex dynamics of energy exchange between the qubit and the mechanical modes, highlighting the interplay between dissipation and coherence. Finally, we propose a protocol for qubit readout and fast reset with a multimode mechanical cavity using one mode for readout and another mode for reset. We have demonstrated in simulation that the qubit achieves both fast reset and high coherence performance when the qubit is coupled to the reset mode in the transition-coupling regime.

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