We report charge-to-spin conversion in a hybrid heterostructure comprised of atomically thin bismuth ($\mathrm{Bi}$) confined between a silicon carbide ($\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{C}$) substrate and epitaxial graphene (EG). We confirm the composition, the dimensionality, and a 96.5% intercalation coverage using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrical transport measurements show signs of weak antilocalization in the heterostructure. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements in Permalloy/EG/2D-$\mathrm{Bi}$ heterostructures probe charge-to-spin conversion, revealing an in-plane polarization of the spin current, perpendicular to the charge current. The ratio of the in-plane to out-of-plane torque is 3.75 times higher than in hydrogenated graphene control samples.

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• Spin current
• Spin-orbit coupling
• Spin-orbit torque
• Interfaces
• Magnetic multilayers
• Semimetals
• Ultrathin films
• Sample preparation