The long-wavelength infrared band exhibits significant utility in thermal signature acquisition, molecular spectral analysis, and other applications. The up-conversion detection technique enables effective signal transduction into the detection bandwidth of silicon-based photodetectors, facilitating high-sensitivity photodetection. We demonstrate high-resolution up-conversion imaging for incoherent thermal targets in the $10$-$\text{μ}\mathrm{m}$ spectral regime. Furthermore, this work presents a derivation of analytical models characterizing depth of field and astigmatic aberration in up-conversion imaging systems, which show good agreement between theoretical and experimental results. The results demonstrate generalization to various up-conversion imaging systems, providing critical insights for their design and optimization.

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• Classical optics
• Imaging & optical processing
• Optoelectronics
• Upconversion
• Photodetectors
• Transducers
• Infrared techniques
• Optical techniques