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Laser-cooling 88Sr to microkelvin temperature with an integrated-photonics system

Andrew R. Ferdinand1,2, Zheng Luo1,2, Sindhu Jammi1,2, Zachary Newman3, Grisha Spektor1,2,3, Okan Koksal4, Parth B. Patel5, Daniel Sheredy5, William Lunden5 et al.

Akash Rakholia5, Travis C. Briles1, Wenqi Zhu4, Martin M. Boyd5, Amit Agrawal4, and Scott B. Papp1,2,*

  • *Contact author: scott.papp@nist.gov

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, L031002 – Published 21 March, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.23.L031002

Abstract

We report on generating a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of 88-strontium (88Sr) atoms at microkelvin temperature, using integrated-photonics devices. With metasurface optics integrated on a fused-silica substrate, we generate six-beam circularly polarized counterpropagating MOTs on the blue broad-line (461-nm) and red narrow-line (689-nm) Sr cooling transitions without bulk optics. By use of a diverging beam configuration, we create up to 10-mm-diameter MOT beams at the trapping location. To frequency stabilize and linewidth narrow the cooling lasers, we use fiber-packaged integrated nonlinear waveguides to spectrally broaden a frequency comb. The ultracoherent supercontinuum of the waveguides covers 650–2500 nm, enabling phase locks of the cooling lasers to hertz-level linewidth. Our work highlights the possibility of simplifying the preparation of an ultracold 88Sr gas for an optical-lattice clock with photonic devices. By implementing a timing sequence for control of the MOT lasers and the quadrupole magnetic field gradient, we collect atoms directly from a thermal beam into the blue MOT and continuously cool into a red MOT with dynamic detuning and intensity control. There, the red-MOT temperature is as low as 2μK and the overall transfer efficiency is up to 16%. We characterize this sequence, including an intermediate red MOT with modulated detuning.

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