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Reducing Spontaneous Orientational Polarization via Semiconductor Dilution Improves OLED Efficiency and Lifetime

Emmanuel O. Afolayan1, Ibrahim Dursun1, Chao Lang2, Evgeny Pakhomenko3, Marina Kondakova4, Michael Boroson4, Michael Hickner2, Russell J. Holmes3, and Noel C. Giebink1,*

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania16802, USA
  • 2Department of Material Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
  • 3Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
  • 4OLEDWorks LCC, 1645 Lyell Ave., Rochester, New York 14606, USA

  • *ncg2@psu.edu

Phys. Rev. Applied 17, L051002 – Published 26 May, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.17.L051002

Abstract

Spontaneous orientational polarization (SOP) in the electron-transport layer (ETL) of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is increasingly recognized as a key factor influencing their performance. Here, we show that SOP is dramatically reduced in the common electron-transport material 2,2′,2′′-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) by coevaporating it together with medium-density polyethylene. Eliminating SOP from the ETL of blue fluorescent OLEDs in this manner reduces their operating voltage by 0.5 V, increases their external quantum efficiency (EQE) by 30%, and leads to a threefold increase in device lifetime. We show that the EQE and lifetime improvements both originate from reduced exciton-polaron annihilation in the emissive layer, and that this leads to a functional relationship between the two quantities that can be used to quantify the rate of annihilation-induced degradation in the device. These results highlight a substantial opportunity to improve OLED performance by controlling SOP through semiconductor dilution and suggest that this capability can be used to systematically isolate and understand exciton-polaron degradation in the pursuit of stable blue OLEDs.

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