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    Time-frequency-correlated native ccz gates in superconducting circuits

    Chenhui Wang*, Weilong Wang, Yangyang Fei, Zhiqiang Fan, Hanshi Zhao, Geyuyan Ma, and Zheng Shan†

    • Laboratory for Advanced Computing and Intelligence Engineering Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China

    • *Contact author: ccchui123@outlook.com
    • †Contact author: shanzhengzz@163.com

    Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 014021 – Published 8 July, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9st1-wvdl

    Abstract

    Practical quantum advantage hinges on executing deep quantum circuits within the coherence limits of noisy intermediate-scale quantum processors. The absence of native, high-fidelity multiqubit gates remains a major bottleneck, as their decomposition into single- and two-qubit gates leads to prohibitive depth and error overhead. Here, we propose a hardware-efficient protocol that directly implements a native controlled-controlled-Z gate in a tunable-coupler superconducting circuit. Our theoretical protocol activates a resonant three-qubit interaction via a time-frequency-correlated virtual process, explicitly relying on the dynamic resonant exchange within the |101⟩↔|020⟩ transition manifold. This approach is compatible with standard tunable-coupler architectures without requiring additional control resources. Through a systematic calibration workflow combining pulse shaping and active cancellation of residual phases, we demonstrate a gate fidelity exceeding 99% within 165 ns—significantly outperforming decomposed sequences. Comprehensive error budgeting confirms that the gate performance remains robust against realistic experimental imperfections. Furthermore, we show that this scheme can be naturally extended to a continuous CCPhase(θ) gate set. This work provides a direct, high-fidelity route to three-qubit entanglement, offering promising prospects for efficient execution of quantum algorithms on near-term superconducting hardware.

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