Distributed quantum computing offers a scalable route to quantum information processing by entangling spatially separated processors. Although gate teleportation enables universal computation across distributed nodes, it requires repeated consumption of high-fidelity Bell pairs, ancillary qubits, and real-time feedforward, which imposes significant overhead and reduces fidelity. However, many variational quantum algorithms do not demand full universality; rather, they rely on sufficient expressibility to explore solution spaces effectively. Building on this, we propose a distributed variational quantum computing protocol based on deterministic entanglement tuning. In contrast to probabilistic filtering, our approach deterministically modulates preshared entanglement using only local operations and classical communication. We validate the protocol through a proof-of-principle experiment by estimating ground-state energies of the $\text{He}\text{−}{\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ molecule and the Schwinger model, showing that diverse entanglement levels can be engineered to match problem-specific requirements. Our results suggest a practical alternative for near-term distributed quantum applications.

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• Entanglement manipulation
• Optical quantum information processing
• Photonics
• Quantum algorithms
• Quantum protocols
• Quantum simulation
• Quantum many-body systems
• Variational approach