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ZZ-free two-transmon CZ gate mediated by a fluxonium coupler

Junyoung An1,2, Helin Zhang1, Qi Ding1,2, Leon Ding1,3,*, Youngkyu Sung1,2,*, Roni Winik1,†, Junghyun Kim1,2, Ilan T. Rosen1,‡, Kate Azar1,2 et al.

Renée DePencier Piñero4, Jeffrey M. Gertler4, Michael Gingras4, Bethany M. Niedzielski4, Hannah Stickler4, Mollie E. Schwartz4, Joel Î-j. Wang1,§, Terry P. Orlando1,2, Simon Gustavsson1,*, Max Hays1, Jeffrey A. Grover1, Kyle Serniak1,4, and William D. Oliver1,2,3,∥

  • *Present address: Google Quantum AI, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
  • †Present address: Triarii Research, Netanya, Israel.
  • ‡Present address: IBM Quantum, IBM Research Cambridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
  • §Present address: Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.
  • ∥Contact author: william.oliver@mit.edu

Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 014076 – Published 23 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9k19-c99g

Abstract

Eliminating residual ZZ interactions in a two-qubit system is essential for reducing coherent errors during quantum operations. In a superconducting circuit platform, coupling two transmon qubits via a transmon coupler has been shown to effectively suppress residual ZZ interactions. However, in such systems, perfect cancellation usually requires the qubit-qubit detuning to be smaller than the individual qubit anharmonicities, which exacerbates frequency crowding and microwave crosstalk. To address this limitation, we introduce transmon-fluxonium-transmon (TFT) architecture, wherein two transmon qubits are coupled via a fluxonium qubit. The coupling mediated by the fluxonium eliminates residual ZZ interactions even for transmons detuned by more than their anharmonicities. We experimentally identified zero-ZZ interaction points at qubit-qubit detunings of 409 and 616 MHz from two distinct TFT devices. We then implemented an adiabatic, coupler-flux-biased controlled-Z gate, achieving gate fidelities of 99.64(6)% and 99.68(8)% across the two devices.

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