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    Optical modeling and numerical optimization of antireflective coatings for back-contact perovskite solar cells

    Erik O. Shalenov1,2,*, Yersain K. Nurmagambetov1,*, Kuanysh O. Tlekova3, Madina M. Seisembayeva2,4, Karlygash N. Dzhumagulova2,4, Bauyrzhan N. Idreisov5, Annie Ng5, and Askhat N. Jumabekov1,†

    • 1Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
    • 2Department of General Physics, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
    • 3Department of Materials Science, Nanotechnology and Engineering Physics, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
    • 4Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Farabi University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
    • 5Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: askhat.jumabekov@nu.edu.kz

    Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 024048 – Published 18 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9bxn-3jsr

    Abstract

    Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly advanced over the past decade, reaching certified efficiencies above 27%, and are now regarded as promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaics. Among the emerging device architectures, quasi-interdigitated back-contact PSCs (QIBC PSCs) eliminate the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer and collect charges through patterned rear electrodes, enabling reduced parasitic absorption, improved photocurrent generation, and compatibility with flexible and tandem devices. Despite these advantages, optical losses—particularly front-surface reflection—remain a significant challenge, making antireflective coatings (ARCs) essential for further efficiency enhancement. Different ARCs’ geometries offer a pathway to broadband, omnidirectional light coupling beyond the limits of conventional planar coatings. In this work, we employ numerical simulations to systematically investigate the effect of ARC geometries in QIBC PSCs. We compare planar, double-layer, ball, pyramidal, and dome-like structures in terms of absorption-reflection-transmission spectra, generation rate distribution, and current-voltage characteristics. Our results show that dome-like ARCs provide superior optical and photovoltaic performance, increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 20.66% (no ARC) to 24.38%, while the addition of a back-side mirror further enhances efficiency to 24.72%. These findings highlight geometry-driven ARCs as a powerful strategy for advancing QIBC PSCs toward their theoretical efficiency limits.

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