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Robust gigahertz-range ac magnetometry with an ensemble of N−V centers in diamond using concatenated continuous dynamical decoupling

Takuya Kitamura1, Genko Genov1, Alon Salhov2, Yutaka Kobayashi3, Shinobu Onoda4, Junichi Isoya5, Alex Retzker2,6, and Fedor Jelezko1

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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 024018 – Published 10 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8zf5-1zyj

Abstract

Subpicotesla level magnetometry has been demonstrated using negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (N−V) centers in diamond by increasing the number of spins simultaneously used for sensing in an N−V ensemble. However, such scale-up often introduces spatial inhomogeneities in detuning and control field amplitudes, which degrade sensitivity. Although several techniques have been utilized to overcome these challenges, including pulsed dynamical decoupling or shaped pulses, these are not generally compatible with the current state-of-the-art techniques for GHz-range ac magnetometry with N−V ensembles, which are typically based on Rabi oscillations. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate GHz-range ac magnetometry using a large ensemble of N−V centers under spatially inhomogeneous drive fields by employing concatenated continuous dynamical decoupling, which is designed for robustness against such imperfections. We compare its performance with the conventional direct Rabi method and show that the robust dressed states in our method extend significantly the measuring range to weaker signals in GHz-range ac magnetometry.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 024018– Published 10 August, 2026
  • Received 24 October 2025
  • Revised 13 March 2026
  • Accepted 25 June 2026
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