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    Multilayer goldenes challenge graphene’s reign on electrical and thermal conducting performance

    Huiwen Zhang, Tiancheng Ma, Mingfeng Zhu, Liwei Jiang*, and Yisong Zheng†

    • State Key Laboratory of High Pressure and Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China

    • *Contact author: jlw@jlu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: zhengys@jlu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 044004 – Published 2 April, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8d1d-8r55

    Abstract

    Heavily doped graphene excels in electrical and thermal transport, far outperforming most other two-dimensional (2D) metals. Goldene, a single-atom-thick 2D metal with hexagonal lattice, has been demonstrated to possess conductivity rivaling that of heavily doped graphene. The recent synthesis of bilayer and trilayer goldene with two stacking orders provides a platform for exploring highly conductive 2D materials. Here, we investigate the electron-phonon scattering-limited electronic transport properties of these multilayer goldenes using first-principles calculations. Results show that multilayer goldenes possess significantly higher electrical and thermal conductivities than both monolayer goldene and heavily doped graphene at room temperature. A Lifshitz transition induced by hole doping or tensile strain can further enhance trilayer performance beyond the bilayer. These findings suggest that multilayer goldenes are promising candidates as conducting wires in future devices and integrated circuits, replacing bulk gold to enable miniaturization and reduce noble metal consumption.

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