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High-quality single photons from cavity-enhanced biexciton-to-exciton transition

Nils Heinisch1,2, Francesco Salusti1,2, Mark R. Hogg3, Timon L. Baltisberger3, Malwina A. Marczak3, Sascha R. Valentin4, Arne Ludwig4, Klaus D. Jöns1,2, Richard J. Warburton3 et al.

Stefan Schumacher1,2,5,*

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
  • 2Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
  • 3Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
  • 4Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Experimental Physics VI, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
  • 5Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA

  • *Contact author: stefan.schumacher@uni-paderborn.de
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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 034068 – Published 29 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/78c9-j817

Abstract

Resonant laser excitation of a two-level system with subsequent single-photon emission can be used to generate single photons with high indistinguishability or Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) visibility. However, spectral overlap between the excitation laser and emitted photons generally poses significant challenges. Furthermore, emitter reexcitation intrinsically limits achievable single-photon purity. Established solutions mitigate these issues at significant cost to source efficiency and with increased source complexity. This motivates the use of few-level systems with spectral separation of excitation and emission pathways. One option is a three-level cascade. However, without targeted lifetime engineering of emitting states, the cascade naturally limits achievable photon indistinguishability. Here we study a semiconductor quantum dot with resonant and selective cavity enhancement of the biexciton-to-exciton transition. Following resonant two-photon excitation of the biexciton state, we collect the emitted single photon with the cavity. This approach circumvents emitter reexcitation and naturally introduces spectral separation between the excitation laser and emitted single photon. Supported by experimental results, we theoretically demonstrate that with selective Purcell enhancement, the observed quality quantifiers of single-photon emission (purity, equivalently g(2)(0), and HOM visibility V, equivalently indistinguishability) are competitive with respect to high-quality deterministic quantum-dot single-photon sources. This is already achieved without systematic optimization or targeted system engineering, which firmly places the reported approach as a viable route to the next generation of highest-quality quantum-dot-based deterministic single-photon sources.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 034068– Published 29 September, 2026
  • Received 20 February 2026
  • Revised 22 June 2026
  • Accepted 18 August 2026
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