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    RASER-resolved Xe129 chemical shifts in an inhomogeneous ultralow magnetic field

    Sebastian W. Atalla*, Andrew K. Maresca*, Aaron J. Ferreira*, Nikolas M. Jauch†, and Rosa T. Branca‡

    • *Also at Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
    • †Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
    • ‡Contact author: rtbranca@unc.edu

    Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 034015 – Published 8 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/64np-3ndy

    Abstract

    Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (<1  T) often suffers from reduced sensitivity due to low nuclear spin polarization, magnetic field inhomogeneities, and poor chemical shift resolution, compared to high-field systems, and the low Larmor frequency at low field limits the achievable quality factor (Q) of NMR detection circuits. These factors may result in poor detection fidelity and broad spectral linewidths that obscure details about the chemical environment being analyzed. Radiofrequency amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (RASER) is a radiation damping feedback mechanism between a strongly coupled nuclear spin system and a high-Q resonator, which may yield linewidths orders of magnitude narrower than is achievable using conventional acquisition protocols at low magnetic field strengths. Here, we present a simple theoretical description of RASER and practical implementation details for a high-Q resonator. We demonstrate a repeatable acquisition protocol for hyperpolarized Xe129 gas RASER at 1.7 mT, achieving sufficiently narrow linewidths to resolve the chemical shift separation between Xe129 gas phase and dissolved phase.

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