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    Atom-molecule superradiance and entanglement with cavity-mediated three-body interactions

    Yun Chen1,*, Yuqi Wang2,*, Jingjun You1, Yingqi Liu1, Su Yi3,4,†, and Yuangang Deng1,‡

    • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing and School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519082, China
    • 2State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    • 3Institute of Fundamental Physics and Quantum Technology and School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
    • 4Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: yisu@nbu.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: dengyg3@mail.sysu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 25, 024019 – Published 5 February, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/53sy-35v3

    Abstract

    Ultracold atoms coupled to optical cavities offer a powerful platform for studying strongly correlated many-body physics. Here, we propose an experimental scheme for creating diatomic molecules via cavity-enhanced photoassociation from an atomic condensate. The resulting system features long-range three-body interactions mediated by tripartite cavity-atom-molecule coupling. Beyond a critical pump strength, a self-organized square lattice phase for molecular condensate emerges, resulting in hybrid atom-molecule superradiance with spontaneous U(1) symmetry breaking. Distinct from previously reported ultracold bosonic (fermionic) atomic superradiance, our findings demonstrate bosonic enhancement with a cubic scaling of steady-state photon number with total atom number. Additionally, strong photon-matter entanglement serves as a sensitive probe of superradiant quantum phase transition and may enable the study of super-Heisenberg-limited metrology enhanced by cavity-mediated three-body interactions. Our findings advance the frontier of quantum superchemistry and nonequilibrium many-body dynamics in cavity-coupled quantum gases.

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