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Slit-loaded coplanar waveguide for color-center spin qubits

Haruko Toyama1,*, Kosuke Tahara1, Taro Ikeda1, Hiroya Tanaka1, Atsushi Miura1, Shin-ichi Tamura1, Maria Emma Villamin2, Toshinori Numata2, Naotaka Iwata2 et al.

Yuichi Yamazaki3, Takeshi Ohshima3,4, Katsuhiro Kutsuki1, and Hideo Iizuka1,†

  • *Contact author: haruko.toyama.zd@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp
  • †Contact author: hiizuka@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp
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Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 054042 – Published 14 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4yky-99vk

Abstract

The spin qubits of color centers are extensively investigated for quantum sensing, communication, and information processing, with their states generally controlled using lasers and microwaves. However, it is challenging to effectively irradiate both lasers and microwaves onto color centers using small-footprint microwave waveguides or antennas that are compatible with semiconductor devices. We show experimentally that, by introducing a compact coplanar waveguide with a thin slit in its signal line, effective irradiation of both lasers and microwaves is enabled, allowing spin-state control of color centers created around the slit. Microwave magnetic fields parallel to the surface, intrinsically generated by a standard coplanar waveguide, persist even after loading the slit, which is necessary to control the color centers whose spin quantization axes are oriented perpendicular to the surface, while laser light for the initialization and readout of spin states can access the color centers through the slit. Continuous and pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance measurements are performed for the silicon vacancies (VSi) in silicon carbide 4H-SiC(0001). Experimental results indicate that the spin states of VSi are effectively controlled by the microwave magnetic fields parallel to the surface, which agrees with numerical results from electromagnetic field simulations. Our small-footprint waveguide is suitable for integrating color-center-based quantum sensors into semiconductor electronic devices and other small-scale systems.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 054042– Published 14 November, 2025
  • Received 23 June 2025
  • Accepted 9 October 2025
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