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    Ferromagnetic traps for quasicontinuous operation of optical nanofiber interfaces

    Ruijuan Liu1,3,*, Jinggu Wu1,3, Yuan Jiang2,4, Yanting Zhao2,4,†, and Saijun Wu1,3,‡

    • 1Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
    • 2State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
    • 3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Shanghai 200433, China
    • 4Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

    • *Contact author: rjliu20@fudan.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: zhaoyt@sxu.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: saijunwu@fudan.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 034015 – Published 5 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/413r-dn5p

    Abstract

    A soft ferromagnetic plate uniformizes tesla-level fields generated by attached permanent magnets, producing a smooth and electronically tunable surface field on the opposite side. By arranging n precisely fabricated rectangular plates, a nearly ideal magnetic quadrupole field with a substantial gradient can be created at the center. This robust and rapidly tunable field configuration is well suited for two-dimensional magneto-optical trapping (2D MOT) and magnetic guiding of cold atoms. By aligning an optical nanofiber (ONF) along the zero-field line of a planar 2D MOT in a two-plate assembly, we demonstrate quasicontinuous, field-free operation of the quantum optical interface without switching off the magnetic field. Transient transmission spectroscopy with nanosecond laser pulses is performed on the 87RbD2 line at a measurement repetition rate as high as 250 kHz. The observed line broadening, while not yet fully understood, is partially attributed to residual magnetic fields in the n=2 assembly. Through additional measurements and simulations, we verify that these residual fields can be fully eliminated in an n=4 assembly, resulting in an ultrastraight 2D trap that supports uniform light-atom interaction over exceptionally long, field-free distances. We extend our discussion to n=6, n=8 designs with similar uniformity but multiple zero-field lines. With its strong gradient for magnetic trapping, the ferromagnetic devices also enable quantum optical scenarios featuring interactions between coguided atoms and photons at ONF interfaces.

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