The most accurate value of the negative-muon magnetic moment, ${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{\mu }}^{\mathrm{-}}$=3.183 345(10)${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathit{p}}$, is obtained by combining the negative-muon mass from x-ray transitions in muonic atoms and the reanalyzed negative-muon g factor with the proton magnetic moment in Bohr magnetons. The fractional uncertainty of 3.1×${10}^{\mathrm{-}6}$ is 15 times more accurate than any previous direct measurement. The obtained ratio of the magnetic moments of the positive muon and the negative muon, ${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{\mu }}^{+}$/${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{\mu }}^{\mathrm{-}}$=1.000 000 2(31), provides a test of CPT invariance at the level of 3 ppm. The negative-muon g factor ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathrm{\mu }}^{\mathrm{-}}$ and the magnetic moment anomaly ${\mathit{a}}_{\mathrm{\mu }}^{\mathrm{-}}$ derived for a test of CPT theorem are obtained from an approach now made possible using the new value of the negative-muon magnetic moment. To substantially improve the verification of the CPT theorem for the muon g factor, a much more precise value for ${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{\mu }}^{\mathrm{-}}$/${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathit{p}}$ is needed to determine the anomalous g factor ${\mathit{a}}_{\mathrm{\mu }}^{\mathrm{-}}$ for the new Brookhaven National Laboratory muon g-2 experiment.

The recent result of Bennett et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993)] of teleportation of an unknown quantum state is obtained in the framework of nonlocal measurements proposed by Aharonov and Albert [Phys. Rev. D 21, 3316 (1980); 24, 359 (1981)]. The latter method is generalized to the teleportation of a quantum state of a system with continuous variables.

It is shown that for singular potentials of the form λ/${\mathit{r}}^{\mathrm{\alpha }}$, the asymptotic form of the wave function both at r→∞ and r→0 plays an important role. Using a wave function having the correct asymptotic behavior for the potential λ/${\mathit{r}}^4$, it is shown that it gives the exact ground-state energy for this potential when λ→0, as given earlier by Harrell [Ann. Phys. (NY) 105, 379 (1977)]. For other values of the coupling parameter λ, a trial basis set of wave functions which also satisfy the correct boundary conditions at r→∞ ande r→0 are used to find the ground-state energy of the singular potential λ/${\mathit{r}}^4$. It is shown that the obtained eigenvalues are in excellent agreement with their exact ones for a very large range of λ values.

Hypersatellites of the ${\mathit{KL}}_{2,3}$${\mathit{L}}_{2,3}$ Auger lines were observed in Ne atoms bombarded by a 5-keV electron beam. The relative intensity of the ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}$S${,}^2$P${,}^2$D line group with respect to the ${}_{}{}^1{}_{}{}^{}$S${,}^1$D diagram lines and the energies of particular transitions were determined. The ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}$P line was traced, although its definite identification is hindered by poor counting statistics. For an impact electron energy of 2.68 times the threshold energy, the ratio of the double- to-single-ionization cross section was found to be (1.45±0.30)×${10}^{\mathrm{-}3}$.

The dissociation of fast ionic hydrogen clusters ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathit{n}}^{+}$ by collision with helium atoms has been studied for various incident cluster masses (n=5,7,...,31) at 60 keV/amu energy. Absolute dissociation cross sections have been measured. No shell effect is observed. As expected, the cluster dissociation cross section increases with n but exhibits a quasilinear dependence in contrast with the ${\mathit{n}}^{2/3}$ dependence previously observed [M. Chevallier et al., Z. Phys. D 2, 87 (1986)] with argon atoms in the same velocity range.

We prove that population trapping depends on the relative polarizations between the pump and generated fields in a double-ssV laser system. Orthogonal linear field polarizations can lead to total suppression of emission. An interpretation of this alternative mechanism of inversion without amplification is given in the context of a dressed-atom formalism.

Conversion of ponderomotive energy into translational energy is investigated for photoelectrons originating in the focus of a short-pulse laser beam of 1- and 20-ps duration. For the long pulse a gradual difference in the amount of ponderomotive energy gained is observed as a function of angle between the nascent electron velocity and the laser propagation direction. The experimental results are in good agreement with theory.

A double well is identified in the motion of two ions in a Paul or Penning trap. The associated normal-mode frequencies are found to pass through a series of resonances and an avoided crossing as a control parameter is varied. Chaos induced by the driving field in the vicinity of the separatrix in the Paul trap is also studied.

The pump pulse creates nonstationarity and coherence in the medium. The amplification (absorption) of the probe pulse in the nonstationary coherent medium belongs to phase-dependent Raman amplification (absorption). In this inversionless mechanism of amplification the phase is determined by the delay time between the pump and the probe pulses.

Isotope effects in the ${\mathrm{H}}_2^{+\mathrm{-}}$${\mathrm{D}}_2^{+}$ fragmentation by intense laser fields offer the possibility of a multiphoton interpretation of the bond-softening mechanism. Surprisingly, the calculations indicate that the one-photon dissociation of ${\mathrm{D}}_2^{+}$ is favored with respect to that of ${\mathrm{H}}_2^{+}$. This cannot be understood, as has previously been done, by a single-photon mechanism following tunneling through a lowered potential barrier, obviously more transparent for the lighter ${\mathrm{H}}_2^{+}$. It is rather a competition between this single-photon mechanism and a five-photon mechanism which is suggested for a more realistic interpretation.

When fields are confined to high-Q cavities, their states cannot easily be measured in a direct way. We propose a scheme to measure the state of an unknown field using an atomic probe driven by a reference field. This is a variation of the atomic homodyne detection method devised by Wilkens and Meystre [Phys. Rev. A 43, 3832 (1991)]. We have shown in a previous article [Phys. Rev. A 48, 3168 (1993)] that quantum fluctuations in the driving field cannot be neglected and that these fluctuations limit the resolution of the measurement scheme. In this extension of that work, the atoms are weakly coupled to the driving field although they can couple much more strongly to the cavity field. We show that this enables us to neglect the effects of quantum fluctuations in the driving field over the relevant time scales and allows us to measure more precisely the state of the unknown field by detecting the atoms that exit the cavity in the excited state.

In this paper we investigate the phase and coherence properties of the field in the nonresonant Jaynes-Cummings model. We find the phase distribution to be split into four separate asymmetrically peaked functions. We also find, in the large-detuning limit, that the coherence properties of an originally coherent field occur periodically. We conclude that the phase formalism of Pegg and Barnett [Europhys. Lett. 6, 483 (1988)] and the coherence theory of Glauber [Phys. Rev. 130, 2529 (1963)] are complementary.

It has long been known that the von Neumann entropy S is an upper bound on the information one can extract from a quantum system in an unknown pure state. In this paper we define the ‘‘subentropy’’ Q, which we prove to be a lower bound on this information. Moreover, just as the von Neumann entropy is the best upper bound that depends only on the density matrix, we show that Q is the best lower bound that depends only on the density matrix. Other parallels between S and Q are also demonstrated.

Under the hypothesis that ordinary matter is ultimately made of subelementary constitutive primary charged entities or ‘‘partons’’ bound in the manner of traditional elementary Planck oscillators (a time-honored classical technique), it is shown that a heretofore uninvestigated Lorentz force (specifically, the magnetic component of the Lorentz force) arises in any accelerated reference frame from the interaction of the partons with the vacuum electromagnetic zero-point field (ZPF). Partons, though asymptotically free at the highest frequencies, are endowed with a sufficiently large ‘‘bare mass’’ to allow interactions with the ZPF at very high frequencies up to the Planck frequencies. This Lorentz force, though originating at the subelementary parton level, appears to produce an opposition to the acceleration of material objects at a macroscopic level having the correct characteristics to account for the property of inertia. We thus propose the interpretation that inertia is an electromagnetic resistance arising from the known spectral distortion of the ZPF in accelerated frames. The proposed concept also suggests a physically rigorous version of Mach’s principle. Moreover, some preliminary independent corroboration is suggested for ideas proposed by Sakharov (Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 177, 70 (1968) [Sov. Phys. Dokl. 12, 1040 (1968)]) and further explored by one of us [H. E. Puthoff, Phys. Rev. A 39, 2333 (1989)] concerning a ZPF-based model of Newtonian gravity, and for the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass as dictated by the principle of equivalence.

In this paper, we show that the Landau quasiclassical exponent, which determines an exponentially small transition amplitude, can be recovered from the Fourier analysis of classical functions for both one-dimensional and three-dimensional cases. This finding renders unnecessary the analytical continuation of the potential-energy function into the classically inaccessible region of the configuration space. In addition, we present a criterion for the applicability of the Landau method on the basis of the correspondence-principle matrix elements and discuss the relation between this method and the phase-integral approach.

We give the explicit form of the common eigenvectors of the relative position ${\mathit{Q}}_1$-${\mathit{Q}}_2$ and the total momentum ${\mathit{P}}_1$+${\mathit{P}}_2$, of two particles which were considered by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen [Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)] in their argument that the quantum-mechanical state vector is not complete. Orthonormality and completeness of such eigenvectors, as well as their use in constructing the unitary operator for simultaneously squeezing ${\mathit{Q}}_1$-${\mathit{Q}}_2$ and ${\mathit{P}}_1$+${\mathit{P}}_2$, are derived by using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators.

By explicitly making use of analogies between Schrödinger potential scattering and classical wave scattering, we generalize statements for electron-impurity scattering to similar statements for scattering of scalar classical waves from dielectric particles. We will focus upon density of states, spectral function, Friedel’s identity for screening, Wigner phase-delay time, and Thouless’s criterion for localization.