We study the dynamics of strongly repulsive Bose gas in tilted or driven bichromatic optical lattices. Using the Bose-Fermi mapping and exact numerical method, we calculate the reduced single-particle density matrices, and study the dynamics of the density profile, the momentum distribution, and the condensate fraction. We show the oscillating and breathing mode of the dynamics, and the depletion of condensate for short-time dynamics. For long-time dynamics, we clearly show the reconstruction of system at integer multiples of Bloch-Zener time. We also show how to achieve clear Bloch oscillation and Landau-Zener tunneling for many-particle systems.

We analyze the steady-state entanglement between Bose-Einstein condensate trapped inside an optical cavity with a moving end mirror (nanomechanical resonator) driven by a single mode laser. The quantized laser field mediates the interaction between the Bose-Einstein condensate and nanomechanical resonator. In particular, we study the influence of temperature on the entanglement of the coupled system, and note that the steady-state entanglement is fragile with respect to temperature.

We investigate a single impurity interacting with a free two-dimensional atomic Fermi gas. The interaction between the impurity and the gas is characterized by an arbitrary attractive short-range potential, which, in two dimensions, always admits a two-particle bound state. We provide analytical expressions for the energy and the effective mass of the dressed impurity by including the two-body bound state, which is crucial for strong interactions, in the integral equation for the effective interaction. Using the same method, we also give the results for the polaron parameters in one and three dimensions and find good agreement with previous results. Thus, our relations can be used as a simple way to estimate the polaron parameters once the two-body bound state of the interaction potential is known.

Motivated by ongoing measurements at JILA, we calculate the recoil-free spectra of dipolar interacting fermions, for example ultracold heteronuclear molecules, in a one-dimensional lattice of two-dimensional layers or “pancakes,” spectroscopically probing transitions between different internal (e.g., rotational) states. We additionally incorporate $p$-wave interactions and losses, which are important for reactive molecules such as KRb. Moreover, we consider other sources of spectral broadening: interaction-induced quasiparticle lifetimes and the different polarizabilities of the rotational states used for the spectroscopy. Although our main focus is molecules, some of the calculations are also useful for optical lattice atomic clocks. For example, understanding the $p$-wave shifts between identical fermions and small dipolar interactions coming from the excited clock state is necessary to reach future precision goals. Finally, we consider the spectra in a deep three-dimensional lattice and show how they give a great deal of information about static correlation functions, including all the moments of the density correlations between nearby sites. The range of correlations measurable depends on spectroscopic resolution and the dipole moment.

Motivated by recent experiments in low-dimensional trapped fermionic superfluids, we study a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) superfluid with a population imbalance between two hyperfine states using an exact mean-field solution for the order parameter. When an effective “magnetic field” exceeds a critical value, the superfluid order parameter develops spatial inhomogeneity in the form of a soliton lattice. The soliton lattice generates a band of quasiparticle states inside the energy gap, which originate from the Andreev bound states localized at the solitons. Emergence of the soliton lattice is accompanied by formation of a spin-density wave, with the majority fermions residing at the points in space where the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) order parameter vanishes. We discuss possibilities for experimental detection of the quasi-1D FFLO state using elastic and inelastic optical Bragg scattering and radiofrequency spectroscopy. We show that these measurements can provide necessary information for unambiguous identification of the spatially inhomogeneous quasi-1D FFLO state and the soliton lattice formation.

High-energy photons and other particles carrying nonzero orbital angular momentum (OAM) emerge as a new tool in high-energy physics. Recently, it was suggested to generate high-energy photons with nonzero OAM (twisted photons) by the Compton backscattering of twisted optical photons on relativistic electron beams. Twisted electrons in the intermediate energy range have also been demonstrated experimentally; twisted protons and other particles can, in principle, be created in a similar way. Collisions of energetic twisted states can offer a new look at particle properties and interactions. A theoretical description of twisted particle scattering developed previously treated them as pure Bessel states and ran into difficulty when describing the OAM of the final twisted particle at nonzero scattering angles. Here we develop further this formalism by incorporating two additional important features. First, we treat the initial OAM state as a wave packet of a finite transverse size rather than a pure Bessel state. This realistic assumption allows us to resolve the existing controversy between two theoretical analyses for nonforward scattering. Second, we describe the final twisted particle in terms of the orbital helicity: the OAM projection on its average direction of propagation rather than on the fixed reaction axis. Using this formalism, we determine to what extent the twisted state is transferred from the initial to final OAM particle in a generic scattering kinematics. As a particular application, we prove that in the Compton backscattering the orbital helicity of the final photon stays close to the OAM projection of the initial photon.

We propose that a weakly coupled nonlinear dielectric waveguide surface-plasmon system can be formulated as another type of Josephson junction. Such a system can be realized along a metal-dielectric interface where the dielectric medium hosts a nonlinear waveguide (e.g., fiber) for soliton propagation. We demonstrate that the system is in close analogy to the bosonic Josephson junction of atomic condensates at very low temperatures, yet exhibits different dynamical features. In particular, the inherently dynamic coupling parameter between soliton and surface plasmon generates self-trapped oscillatory states at nonzero fractional populations with zero and $\pi$ time-averaged phase difference. The salient features of the dynamics are presented in the phase space.

A dipolar condensate confined in a toroidal trap constitutes a self-induced Josephson junction when the dipoles are oriented perpendicularly to the trap symmetry axis and the $s$-wave scattering length is small enough. The ring-shaped double-well potential coming from the anisotropic character of the mean-field dipolar interaction is robust enough to sustain self-trapping dynamics, which takes place when the initial population imbalance between the two wells is large. We show that, in this system, the self-trapping regime is directly related to a vortex-induced phase-slip dynamics. A vortex and antivortex are spontaneously nucleated in the low-density regions before a minimum of the population imbalance is reached and then cross the toroidal section in opposite directions through the junctions. This vortex dynamics yields a phase slip between the two weakly linked condensates causing an inversion of the particle flux.

Non-Markovian dynamics is studied for two interacting qubits strongly coupled to a dissipative bosonic environment. We derive a non-Markovian quantum-state-diffusion (QSD) equation for the coupled two-qubit system without any approximations, and in particular, without the Markov approximation. As an application and illustration of our derived time-local QSD equation, we investigate the temporal behavior of quantum coherence dynamics. In particular, we find a strongly non-Markovian regime where entanglement generation is significantly modulated by the environmental memory. Additionally, we study residual entanglement in the steady state by analyzing the steady-state solution of the QSD equation. Finally, we discuss an approximate QSD equation.

We propose a hybrid approach to the experimental assessment of the genuine quantum features of a general system consisting of microscopic and macroscopic parts. We infer entanglement by combining dichotomic measurements on a bidimensional system and phase-space inference through the Wigner distribution associated with the macroscopic component of the state. As a benchmark, we investigate the feasibility of our proposal in a bipartite-entangled state composed of a single-photon and a multiphoton field. Our analysis shows that, under ideal conditions, maximal violation of a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-based inequality is achievable regardless of the number of photons in the macroscopic part of the state. The difficulty in observing entanglement when losses and detection inefficiency are included can be overcome by using a hybrid entanglement witness that allows efficient correction for losses in the few-photon regime.

We introduce a bridge between the familiar gauge field theory approaches used in many areas of modern physics such as quantum field theory and the stochastic local operations and classical communication protocols familiar in quantum information. Although the mathematical methods are the same, the meaning of the gauge group is different. The measure we introduce, “twist,” is constructed as a Wilson loop from a correlation-induced holonomy. The measure can be understood as the global asymmetry of the bipartite correlations in a loop of three or more qubits; if the holonomy is trivial (the identity matrix), the bipartite correlations can be globally untwisted using general local qubit operations, the gauge group of our theory, which turns out to be the group of Lorentz transformations familiar from special relativity. If it is not possible to globally untwist the bipartite correlations in a state using local operations, the twistedness is given by a nontrivial element of the Lorentz group, the correlation-induced holonomy. We provide several analytical examples of twisted and untwisted states for three qubits, the most elementary nontrivial loop one can imagine.

In single-qubit quantum secret sharing, a secret is shared between $N$ parties via manipulation and measurement of one qubit at a time. Each qubit is sent to all $N$ parties in sequence; the secret is encoded in the first participant's preparation of the qubit state and the subsequent participants' choices of state rotation or measurement basis. We present a protocol for single-qubit quantum secret sharing using polarization entanglement of photon pairs produced in type-I spontaneous parametric downconversion. We investigate the protocol's security against eavesdropping attack under common experimental conditions: a lossy channel for photon transmission, and imperfect preparation of the initial qubit state. A protocol which exploits entanglement between photons, rather than simply polarization correlation, is more robustly secure. We implement the entanglement-based secret-sharing protocol with 87$\%$ secret-sharing fidelity, limited by the purity of the entangled state produced by our present apparatus. We demonstrate a photon-number splitting eavesdropping attack, which achieves no success against the entanglement-based protocol while showing the predicted rate of success against a correlation-based protocol.

Antiproton capture by lithium atoms ($\overline{p}+\mathrm{Li}\to \overline{p}{\mathrm{Li}}^{+}+e$) is investigated at collision energies from $0.01$ to 10 eV by using a semiclassical (also know as quantum-classical hybrid) method, in which the radial distance between the antiproton and the Li${}^{+}$ ion is treated as a classical variable, and the other degrees of freedom are described by quantum mechanics. Analyzing the wave packet of the emitted electrons and making use of the energy conservation rule enable us to calculate the state distribution of the produced antiprotonic lithium $\overline{p}{\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ atoms and also to distinguish between the capture and ionization ($\to \overline{p}+{\mathrm{Li}}^{+}+e$) channels at collisional energies above the ionization threshold. This method is tested for the capture of negative muons by hydrogen atoms, which was rigorously investigated in previous quantum mechanical studies. Most of the $\overline{p}{\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ atoms produced in $\overline{p}+\mathrm{Li}$ are found to be sufficiently stable against Auger decays and are experimentally observable as long-lived states. The present system bears close similarities to the system of $\overline{p}+\mathrm{He}\left(2S\right)$. It is therefore expected that long-lived antiprotonic helium $\overline{p}{\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ atoms can be efficiently produced in the $\overline{p}$ capture by metastable He($2{}^{3}S$) atoms.

We report on our study of the line shape of a transition between two levels in a three-level $\Lambda$ configuration. By using Poisson statistics under the assumption that the atom stays in a two-level steady state before it is optically pumped to the reservoir state, we arrive at a simple analytic expression for the line shape of a three-level atom. This expression reveals a new type of saturation in the time domain, which is conceptually different from that of power-broadening in a two-level atom. It can also be used as a basis for more complicated situations of Doppler-broadened gaseous samples or pump-and-probe spectroscopy. We tested the theory experimentally in an ideal situation of slow pulsed ${}^{85}$Rb atoms and found excellent agreement. Application to measurements of a branching ratio or a Franck-Condon factor of a diatomic molecule is discussed.

The dynamics of the collective excitations of a lattice Bose gas at zero temperature is systematically investigated using the time-dependent Gutzwiller mean-field approach. The excitation modes are determined within the framework of the linear-response theory as solutions of the generalized Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations valid in the superfluid and Mott-insulator phases at arbitrary values of parameters. The expression for the sound velocity derived in this approach coincides with the hydrodynamic relation. We calculate the transition amplitudes for the excitations in the Bragg scattering process and show that the higher excitation modes make significant contributions. We simulate the dynamics of the density perturbations and show that their propagation velocity in the limit of week perturbation is satisfactorily described by the predictions of the linear-response analysis.

The hydrodynamics of a lattice Bose gas in a time-dependent external potential is studied in a mean-field approximation. The conditions under which a Mott insulating region can melt, and the local density can adjust to the new potential, are determined. In the case of a suddenly switched potential, it is found that the Mott insulator stays insulating and the density will not adjust if the switch is too abrupt. This comes about because too rapid currents result in Bloch oscillation-type current reversals. For a stirrer moved through a Mott insulating cloud, it is seen that only if the stirrer starts in a superfluid region and the velocity is comparable to the time scale set by the tunneling will the Mott insulator be affected.

The interplay of quantum statistics, interactions, and temperature is studied within the framework of the bosonic two-component theory with repulsive delta-function interaction in one dimension. We numerically solve the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz and obtain the equation of state as a function of temperature and of the interaction strength, the relative chemical potential, and either the total chemical potential or a fixed number of particles, allowing quantification of the full crossover behavior of the system between its low-temperature ferromagnetic and high-temperature unpolarized regime, and from the low coupling decoherent regime to the fermionization regime at high interaction.

We address the existence of multipole interface solitons in one-dimensional thermal nonlinear media with a step in the linear refractive index at the sample center. It is found that there exist two types of solutions for tripole and quadrupole interface solitons. The two types of interface solitons have different profiles, beam widths, mass centers, and stability regions. For a given propagation constant, only one type of interface soliton is proved to be stable, while the other type can also survive over a long distance. In addition, three types of solutions for fifth-order interface solitons are found.

We study analytically the characteristics of optical absorption and slow-light solitons in an asymmetrical four-level N configuration semiconductor quantum wells with the cross-coupling relaxation of longitudinal-optical phonons (CCRLOP). It is shown that, in the linear range, the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) depends on the coherence control of both the optical fields and the CCRLOP. A double EIT is obtained under a relatively strong optical field which is from the hole and antibonding states in the wide well. Especially, the double EIT becomes perfect under the condition of increasing the CCRLOP. In the nonlinear range, the CCRLOP has an important effect on both the amplitude and the group velocity of the solitons. The amplitude of solitons reveals parabolic changes which obtain a maximum value with the increase of CCRLOP. The group velocity of the solitons continuously slows down if there are fixed three-photon detunings. These results may have potential applications for all-optical switching and some optical information engineering in solid systems.

We study the entanglement of multiple polariton modes, which results in continuous variable cluster states suitable for quantum computation. Schemes are based on parametric scattering between spin-polarized lower and upper polariton branches in planar microcavities or spin-polarized orbital angular momentum states in mesa structures. Such systems are modeled by numerical solution of truncated density matrices and compared to the solution of the Heisenberg equations for the set of field correlators up to third order. Four-body entanglement is evidenced by violation of the van Loock–Furusawa quadripartite inequalities. We show that the entanglement is able to withstand a realistic strength of pure dephasing present in typical systems.