We study the collective modes of a one-dimensional harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of the anomalous density using the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory. Within the hydrodynamic equations, we derive analytical expressions for the mode frequencies and the density fluctuations of the anomalous density which constitutes the minority component at very low temperature and feels an effective external potential exerted by the majority component, i.e., the condensate. On the other hand, we numerically examine the temperature dependence of the breathing mode oscillations of the condensate at finite temperature in the weak-coupling regime. At zero temperature, we compare our predictions with available experimental data, theoretical treatments, and Monte carlo simulations in all interaction regimes and the remaining hindrances are emphasized. We show that the anomalous correlations have a non-negligible role on the collective modes at both zero and finite temperatures.

Based on the spin-orbit coupling recently implemented in a neutral cold-atom gas, we propose a scheme to realize spin-dependent scattering of cold atoms. In particular we consider a matter wave packet of cold-atom gas impinging upon a step potential created by the optical light field, inside of which the atoms are subject to spin-orbit interaction. We show that the proposed system can act as a spin polarizer or spin-selective atom mirror for the incident atomic beam. The principle and the operating parameter regime of the system are carefully discussed.

The time-periodic modulation of the self-interaction of a Bose–Einstein condensate or a nonlinear optics system has been recognized as an exciting tool to explore interesting physics that was previously unavailable. This tool is exploited here to examine the exotic dynamics of a nonlinear system described by the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. We observe three remarkable and closely related dynamical phenomena, exponentially localized profile of wave functions in momentum space with localization length exponentially increasing in time, exponential wave-packet spreading, and exponential sensitivity to initial conditions. A hybrid quantum-classical theory is developed to partly explain these findings. Time-periodic self-interaction modulation is seen to be a robust method to achieve superfast spreading and induce genuine chaos even in the absence of any external potential.

Using the classical field method, we study numerically the characteristics and decay of the turbulent tangle of superfluid vortices which is created in the evolution of a Bose gas from highly nonequilibrium initial conditions. By analyzing the vortex line density, the energy spectrum, and the velocity correlation function, we determine that the turbulence resulting from this effective thermal quench lacks the coherent structures and the Kolmogorov scaling; these properties are typical of both ordinary classical fluids and of superfluid helium when driven by grids or propellers. Instead, thermal quench turbulence has properties akin to a random flow, more similar to another turbulent regime called ultraquantum turbulence, which has been observed in superfluid helium.

We study the effect of a non-Abelian SU(2) gauge potential mimicking spin-orbit coupling on the topological semimetal induced by a magnetic field having $\pi$ flux per plaquette and acting on fermions in a three-dimensional (3D) cubic lattice. The Abelian $\pi$-flux term gives rise to a spectrum characterized by Weyl points. The non-Abelian term is chosen to be gauge equivalent to both a 2D Rashba and a Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. As a result of the anisotropic nature of the coupling between spin and momentum and of the presence of a $C_4$ rotation symmetry, when the non-Abelian part is turned on, the Weyl points assume a quadratic dispersion along two directions and constitute double monopoles for the Berry curvature. We examine the main features of this system both analytically and numerically, focusing on its gapless surface modes, the so-called Fermi arcs. We discuss the stability of the system under confining hard-wall and harmonic potentials, relevant for the implementation in ultracold atom settings, and the effect of rotation symmetry breaking.

We present a nondestructive method to probe a complex quantum system using multiple-impurity atoms as quantum probes. Our protocol provides access to different equilibrium properties of the system by changing its coupling to the probes. In particular, we show that measurements with two probes reveal the system's nonlocal two-point density correlations, for probe-system contact interactions. We illustrate our findings with analytic and numerical calculations for the Bose-Hubbard model in the weakly and strongly interacting regimes, under conditions relevant to ongoing experiments in cold-atom systems.

We derived a dispersion relation of a surface wave at a rough metal-air interface. In contrast to previous publications, we assumed that an intrinsic surface impedance due to a finite electric conductivity of the metal can be of the same order as the roughness-induced impedance. We then applied our results to the analysis of a long-standing problem of the discrepancy between the experimental data on the propagation of surface waves in the terahertz range of frequencies and the classical Drude theory.

Optical-tweezers experiments in molecular and cell biology often take place near the surface of the microscope slide that defines the bottom of the sample chamber. There, as elsewhere, force measurements require force-calibrated tweezers. In bulk, one can calculate the tweezers force from first principles, as recently demonstrated. Near the surface of the microscope slide, this absolute calibration method fails because it does not account for reverberations from the slide of the laser beam scattered by the trapped microsphere. Nor does it account for evanescent waves arising from total internal reflection of wide-angle components of the strongly focused beam. In the present work we account for both of these phenomena. We employ Weyl's angular spectrum representation of spherical waves in terms of real and complex rays and derive a fast-converging recursive series of multiple reflections that describes the reverberations, including also evanescent waves. Numerical simulations for typical setup parameters evaluate these effects on the optical force and trap stiffness, with emphasis on axial trapping. Results are in good agreement with available experimental data. Thus, absolute calibration now applies to all situations encountered in practice.

The effect of a Kerr nonlinearity on dynamical tunneling is studied, using coupled whispering gallery modes in an optical microcavity. The model system that we have chosen is the “add-drop filter,” which is comprised of an optical microcavity and two waveguides coupled to the cavity. Due to the evanescent fields scattering on the waveguide, the whispering gallery modes in the microcavity form doublets, which manifest themselves as splittings in the spectrum. As these doublets can be regarded as a spectral feature of dynamical tunneling between two different dynamical states with a spatial overlap, the effect of a Kerr nonlinearity on the doublets is numerically investigated in the more general context of the relationship between cubic nonlinearity and dynamical tunneling. Within the numerical realization of the model system, it is observed that the doublets show a bistable transition in their transmission curve as the Kerr nonlinearity in the cavity is increased. At the same time, one rotational mode becomes dominant over the other one in the transmission, since the two states in the doublet have uneven linewidths. By using coupled-mode theory, the underlying mode dynamics of the phenomena is theoretically modeled and clarified.

We discuss an alternate paradigm: the chiral electromagnetic local density of states (LDOS) in a spiral plasmonic nanostructure. In both classical and quantum regimes, we reveal using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) in combination with spin analysis that a spiral cavity possesses spin-dependent local optical modes. We expect this work to lead to promising directions for future quantum plasmonic device development, highlighting the potentials of chirality in quantum information processing.

The propagation of a weak optical field through an atomic system in closed $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ configuration is investigated in which the hyperfine levels are coupled by a microwave pulse. Under the three-photon resonance condition, it is observed that a new pulse of the shape of a microwave field is generated at the probe transition while the input probe is absorbed. The generated probe pulse follows the temporal position of the microwave pulse and maintains shape through the propagation. A simple propagation equation for the probe field in the Fourier domain has been employed to study this effect. This shape preservation of the probe pulse is due to the ground state coherence of the hyperfine transitions induced by the weaker intensity of the microwave field. The generation of an arbitrary shaped probe pulse is also possible at comparable strength of control and microwave fields. The intensity and detuning of the microwave field can play an important role to control probe pulse properties such as gain, broadening, and preservation of shape. The mechanism of efficient generation and manipulation of an optical pulse may have important applications in information science and optical communications.

We demonstrate that photonic crystals can be used to generate powerful and highly coherent Cherenkov radiation that is excited by the injection of a beam of free electrons. Using theoretical and numerical investigations we present the startup dynamics and coherence properties of such a laser, in which gain is provided by matching the optical phase velocity in the photonic crystal to the velocity of the electron beam. The operating frequency can be varied by changing the electron beam energy and scaled to different ranges by varying the lattice constant of the photonic crystal.

We report on the experimental realization of a photonic system that simulates the one-dimensional two-particle Hubbard model. This analogy is realized by means of two-dimensional arrays of coupled optical waveguides, fabricated using femtosecond laser inscription. By tuning the analogous “interaction strength,” we reach the strongly interacting regime of the Hubbard Hamiltonian, and demonstrate the suppression of standard tunneling for individual “particles.” In this regime the formation of bound states is identified through the direct observation of pair tunneling. We then demonstrate the coherent destruction of tunneling (CDT) for the paired particles in the presence of an engineered oscillating force of high frequency. The precise control over the analogous “interaction strength” and driving force offered by our experimental system opens an exciting route towards quantum simulation of few-body physics in photonics.

We analyze the scattering properties of a parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$)-symmetric structure made of a waveguide and a finite chain of side-coupled resonators. Typical one-dimensional $\mathcal{PT}$ structures exhibit unidirectional invisibility (also called anisotropic transmission resonances), meaning unity transmission and zero reflection for incidence from one direction. The side-coupled nature of our structure provides these features as well, but with different characteristics than the traditional tight-binding chain. We explore these properties in detail with numerical and analytical approaches for various chain lengths and geometries. As an interesting feature, we can achieve a broadband unidirectional invisibility with only two resonators. Furthermore, we observe rich dispersions for these anisotropic transmission resonances with four resonators, which can be carefully tuned.

We present controlled numerical results for the ground-state spectral function of the resonant Fermi polaron in three dimensions. We establish the existence of a “dark continuum”—a region of anomalously low spectral weight between the narrow polaron peak and the rest of the spectral continuum. The dark continuum develops when the $s$-wave scattering length is of the order of the inverse Fermi wave vector, $a\lesssim 1/k_{\mathrm{F}}$, i.e., in the absence of a small interaction-related parameter when the spectral weight is not expected to feature a near-perfect gap structure after the polaron peak.

The interpretation of quantum theory is one of the longest-standing debates in physics. Type I interpretations see quantum probabilities as determined by intrinsic properties of the observed system. Type II see them as relational experiences between an observer and the system. It is usually believed that a decision between these two options cannot be made simply on purely physical grounds but requires an act of metaphysical judgment. Here we show that, under some assumptions, the problem is decidable using thermodynamics. We prove that type I interpretations are incompatible with the following assumptions: (i) The choice of which measurement is performed can be made randomly and independently of the system under observation, (ii) the system has limited memory, and (iii) Landauer's erasure principle holds.

We consider a family of quantum channels characterized by the fact that certain (in general nonorthogonal) pure states at the channel entrance are mapped to (tensor) products of pure states (PPP; hence “pcubed”) at the complementary outputs (the main output and the “environment”) of the channel. The pcubed construction, a reformulation of the twisted-diagonal procedure by M. M. Wolf and D. Pérez-García [Phys. Rev. A 75, 012303 (2007)], can be used to produce a large class of degradable quantum channels; degradable channels are of interest because their quantum capacities are easy to calculate. Several known types of degradable channels are either pcubed channels, or subchannels (employing a subspace of the channel entrance), or continuous limits of pcubed channels. The pcubed construction also yields channels which are neither degradable nor antidegradable (i.e., the complement of a degradable channel); a particular example of a qutrit channel of this type is studied in some detail. Determining whether a pcubed channel is degradable or antidegradable or neither is quite straightforward given the pure input and output states that characterize the channel. Conjugate degradable pcubed channels are always degradable.

The static and dynamic polarizabilities and the tune-out wavelengths of the ground state of Rb and the hyperfine ground states of ${}^{87,85}\mathrm{Rb}$ have been calculated by using the relativistic configuration interaction plus core polarization (RCICP) approach. It is found that the first primary tune-out wavelengths of the $5s_{1/2},F=1,2$ states of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ are 790.018187(193) and 790.032602(193) nm, respectively, where the calculated result for the $5s_{1/2},F=2$ state is in good agreement with the latest high-precision measurement 790.032388(32) nm [R. H. Leonard et al., Phys. Rev. A 92, 052501 (2015)]. Similarly, the first primary tune-out wavelengths of the $5s_{1/2},F=2,3$ states of ${}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ are 790.023515(218) and 790.029918(218) nm, respectively. Furthermore, the tune-out wavelengths for the different magnetic sublevels $M_F$ of each hyperfine level $F$ are also determined by considering the contributions of tensor polarizabilities.

We report a joint theoretical-experimental investigation on elastic electron scattering by dimethyl disulfide in the low- and intermediate-energy regions. Experimental angular distributions of the elastically scattered electrons were measured in the 10–800 eV and $5^{\circ }$–${130}^{\circ }$ ranges using a crossed electron beam–molecular beam geometry. The absolute values of the differential cross sections were obtained using the relative-flow technique. Also, integral and momentum-transfer cross sections were derived from the experimental differential cross sections via a numerical integration procedure. Theoretically, differential, integral, momentum-transfer, grand-total, and total absorption cross sections are reported in the 1–500 eV range. In our calculations, a complex optical potential was used to represent the collision dynamics and a single-center expansion method combined with the Padé approximation was used to solve the scattering equations. Our experimental data are in good agreement with the present calculated data. Comparisons with other theoretical results are also made.

The two-color above-threshold ionization (ATI) of atoms and ions is investigated for a vortex Bessel beam in the presence of a strong near-infrared (NIR) light field. While the photoionization is caused by the photons from the weak but extreme ultraviolet (XUV) vortex Bessel beam, the energy and angular distribution of the photoelectrons and their sideband structure are affected by the plane-wave NIR field. We here explore the energy spectra and angular emission of the photoelectrons in such two-color fields as a function of the size and location of the target atoms with regard to the beam axis. In addition, analog to the circular dichroism in typical two-color ATI experiments with circularly polarized light, we define and discuss seven different dichroism signals for such vortex Bessel beams that arise from the various combinations of the orbital and spin angular momenta of the two light fields. For localized targets, it is found that these dichroism signals strongly depend on the size and position of the atoms relative to the beam. For macroscopically extended targets, in contrast, three of these dichroism signals tend to zero, while the other four just coincide with the standard circular dichroism, similar as for Bessel beams with a small opening angle. Detailed computations of the dichroism are performed and discussed for the $4s$ valence-shell photoionization of ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ ions.