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Propagation of partially spatially coherent laser beams in instantaneous Kerr media

Bahman Hafizi1,*, Joshua J. Isaacs1, Daniel Younis1, Luke A. Johnson2, Dmitri Kaganovich1, and John P. Palastro3

  • *Contact author: bahman.u.hafizi.civ@us.navy.mil
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Phys. Rev. A 113, 023518 – Published 17 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bnyf-rrmf

Abstract

The propagation of intense, partially spatially coherent laser beams in a medium with instantaneous third-order susceptibility is studied analytically and numerically. For sufficiently high power relative to that required for nonlinear self-focusing, the propagation initially proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, spatial coherence builds up, and in the second stage, the number of speckles reduces. Once the degree of coherence is sufficiently high, whole-beam self-focusing occurs. The beam power is mostly confined within the initial spot radius. Two analytical approaches for describing the evolution of the beam are presented. The method of moments leads to an analytical solution for the rms spot radius that is in excellent agreement with simulations. This method does not require any knowledge of the field statistics beyond the initial conditions and provides no information about the evolution of the individual speckles. The other approach employs a self-similar solution for the second-order coherence function of the field and assumes that the fourth-order coherence function is factorizable and obeys complex circular Gaussian random statistics. The latter method also leads to an analytical expression for the spot radius, but its predictions for the qualitative evolution of the speckles disagree with wave-optics simulations.

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Phys. Rev. A 113, 023518– Published 17 February, 2026
  • Received 19 August 2025
  • Accepted 27 January 2026
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