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Stability of Bose-Fermi mixtures in two dimensions: A lowest-order constrained variational approach

Pietro Cordioli1, Leonardo Pisani1,2,*, and Pierbiagio Pieri1,2,†

  • *Contact author: leonardo.pisani2@unibo.it
  • †Contact author: pierbiagio.pieri@unibo.it
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Phys. Rev. A 114, 023319 – Published 24 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/b29m-zczp

Abstract

We investigate the problem of mechanical stability in two-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixtures at zero temperature, focusing on systems with a tunable Bose-Fermi (BF) interaction and a weak but finite boson-boson (BB) repulsion. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the lowest-order constrained variational (LOCV) approach, which allows for a nonperturbative treatment of strong interspecies correlations while retaining analytical transparency. The BF interaction is modeled by a properly regularized attractive contact potential, enabling the exploration of both the attractive and repulsive energy branches. We determine the minimal BB repulsion required to ensure mechanical stability of the mixture by evaluating the inverse compressibility matrix over the full range of BF coupling strengths, within the domain of validity of the LOCV approximation. The interaction contribution to the energy is benchmarked against available experimental data and quantum Monte Carlo results in the single-impurity limit, showing good agreement. Our analysis reveals how the critical BB coupling depends on interaction strength, density imbalance, and mass ratio. In particular, we find that mixtures with equal boson and fermion masses exhibit enhanced stability, requiring the smallest BB repulsion to prevent mechanical instability. In this case, a relatively small BB interaction is sufficient to stabilize attractive mixtures for all values of the BF interaction. These results provide a theoretical framework for assessing stability conditions in experimentally realizable two-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixtures with tunable interactions.

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Phys. Rev. A 114, 023319– Published 24 August, 2026
  • Received 17 February 2026
  • Revised 30 July 2026
  • Accepted 6 August 2026
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