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Quantum parity detectors: A qubit-based particle-detection scheme with meV thresholds for rare-event searches

K. Ramanathan1,*, B. J. Sandoval2, J. E. Parker2, L. M. Joshi3, A. D. Beyer4, P. M. Echternach4, S. Rosenblum3, and S. R. Golwala2

  • *Contact author: karthikr@wustl.edu
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APS Open Sci. 1, 000013 – Published 1 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kqd2-spb1

Abstract

The next generation of rare-event searches, such as those aimed at determining the nature of particle dark matter or measuring fundamental neutrino properties, will benefit from particle detectors with thresholds at the meV scale, 100–1000× lower than currently available. Quantum parity detectors (QPDs) are a class of proposed quantum devices, extending recent work on superconducting qubit sensors, that exploit the fingerprints of single quasiparticle tunneling across a coherent weak link as their detection concept. As envisioned, phonons generated by particle interactions within a crystalline substrate cause an eventual quasiparticle cascade within a surface-patterned superconducting qubit element. This process alters the fundamental charge parity of the device in a binary manner, which can be used to deduce the initial properties of the energy deposition. This work lays out multiple resonator-coupled readout schemes depending on qubit architecture, provides an analytic formulation for reconstructing sensor energies, and details strategies for multiplexing large arrays of sensors. We further compute the sensitivity of QPDs and detail an R&D pathway to demonstrating sub-eV energy deposit thresholds.

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APS Open Sci. 1, 000013– Published 1 May, 2026
Vol. 1
  • Received 12 September 2025
  • Revised 17 January 2026
  • Accepted 13 April 2026
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