In an RF magnetometer setup with a beam splitter and photodiodes (image right), circularly polarized light along the z axis acts as the pump for polarizing atoms, and linearly polarized light along the y axis detects atomic spin.

From the article:

Radio-Frequency Magnetometry Based on Parametric Resonances
Wei Xiao, Xiyu Liu, Teng Wu, Xiang Peng, and Hong Guo
Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 093201 (2024)

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