Xiao Renshaw Wang^2,5, S. N. Piramanayagam^2,†, and Zhichuan J. Xu^1,6,‡

• ¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
• ²School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
• ³Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
• ⁴Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
• ⁵School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
• ⁶The Centre of Advanced Catalysis Science and Technology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore

• ^*These authors contributed equally to this work.
• ^†Contact author: prem@ntu.edu.sg
• ^‡Contact author: xuzc@ntu.edu.sg